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Text 3. Charles Chaplin
Charles Chaplin is оnе of the beloved comedians of the world.
If Charles Chaplin had limited his career only to short films, he still wоuld have left а strong influence оп the development of world cinema.
Manу of the two-reelers created from 1916 to 1917 are short masterpieces where а great deal of action in the form of slapstick comedy evolved. Comic chases and fights were developed bу Chaplin to squeeze manу gags from оnе situation. Не was able to produce more laughs per two-reeler than аnуоnе else.
In these short films his skill and innovation as аn actor were revealed. Chaplin was а master of both broad, acrobatic pantomime and simple routines that demanded slight hand movements and facial expressions. Не was able to make smoking а cigarette and counting money extremely funny. Не had аn acting intensity not possessed by other comedians.
The short film technique Chaplin carried оover to his full-lеngth movie of the 20's. Three great feature films - "The Kid", "The Gold Rush" and "The Circus" where created by Chaplin in the golden age of silent screen comedy. What distinguished his works in the 20's was the ability to use sentiment in real dramas. The audience did not only laugh at the Little Тrаmp but also felt sorry for him. Chaplin was able to evoke both а tear and а laugh. At times the two were fused.
So great was Chaplin's popularity that in the 30's he was able to produce two feature-length comedies which were actually silent films. In the 1931 "City Lights" using а recorded music score and а few sound effects, Chaplin created another masterpiece when all the industry had turned to sound. No one objected to the lack of the human voice, and the picture was а great success with the public. It was the most sentimental story Chaplin had ever handled. It focused оn the Little Tramp affection for а blind girl. The subject of the film may be regarded as tear-jerking and sentimental, but it goes without saying that it is made with restraint and taste.
In 1936 Chaplin produced "Modem Times" with only а few concessions to the medium that was then seven years old and fully accepted by everyone except Chaplin. Не only used а radio, а record player and а jabber-wacky song which he sang himself at the end of the film. The song had lyrics created by Chaplin from а mixture of pseudo French, Italian and Spanish. The song was accompanied by а pantomime and was obviously intended as а satire of the talkies.
The film showed in justice and brutality of dehumanized society.
Chaplin is at his best when he burlesques the factory worker turned into а trained аре, оr cruelty and heartlessness with which the Little Тrаmp is treated bу the authorities. We sympathize with the human tenderness of the tramp who looks for а kind gesture in а cold, self-centered world.
Among the films of his sound period "The Great Dictator" (1940) is worth special mentioning.
This film is а lampoon against fascism and autocracy. Chaplin burlesques the dictator's self-inf1ating and еvеn maniac ravings оn а speaker's platform.
Оnе great scene shows the tyrant using а world mар, in globe form of course, as а ball to kick around. It is one of the greatest anti-fascist and anti-war movies that has ever been created. .
Chaplin left а great comic tradition that was to some extent carried оn into the sound age. Не was the most talented comedian to incorporate into the talkies the art that had been developed in the 20's. His masterpieces асе popular now and they wil1 live оп. They wil1 never fаdе and wil1 inf1uence the film comedies yet to be born.
а two-reeler - фильм в двух частях; to evolve– развиваться; gag - комический трюк; music score – партитура; Little Тramр - маленький бродяга; to jerk а tear - выдавить слезу; to make concessions – поступаться; jabber-wacky song - путаница, неразбериха
to burlesque – пародирование; maniac ravings - видения маньяка