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Functions of coordinating conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions

The seven coordinating conjunctions are so, and, but, or, yet, for, nor.

A coordinating conjunction joins words, groups of words, or clauses, and gives them equal importance:

§ I like summer, but I don’t like winter.

§ Do you prefer summer or winter?

§ He’s been working all day, so he’s very tired.

 

Subordinating conjunctions

A subordinating conjunction connects a main (independent) and subordinate (dependent) clause. The clause beginning with a subordinating conjunction is always the subordinate clause, which depends on the main clause and cannot exist without it.

 

Common subordinating conjunctions include:

because,so that,as, since to express cause or reason
before,after, until, when, as soon as, whenever, while to express time
unless, if,even if, in case, providing to express condition
although, even though, whereas to express contrast or concession

 

Correlative conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions are pairs. They connect balancedclauses, phrases or words. The elements which they connect are usually similar in structure or length.

either . . . or We can go to either Greece or Spain for our holiday.
both . . . and Both rugby and football are popular in France.
not only . . . but also Not only is he a professional footballer, but he’s also a successful businessman.
neither . . . nor Neither Norway nor Switzerland is in the EU.
not . . . but There are not two but three Baltic states: Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.

Coordinating Conjunctions:so, and, but, or, yet, for, nor

 

Conjunctions are words which connect sentences or groups of words. Some learners know them as connectors or joining words.

 

One type of conjunction is the coordinating conjunction, which gives equal importance to the words or sentences that it connects.

There are seven coordinating conjunctions: but, or, so, and, yet, for, nor.

§ I like coffee, but my wife prefers tea.

§ Would you prefer coffee or tea?

§ I’ve drunk six cups of coffee today, so I’ve got a headache.

§ I take milk and sugar in my tea.

§ He’s seventy-two, yet he still swims, runs and plays football regularly.

§ She must have been very hungry, for she ate everything immediately.

§ Switzerland is not in the European Union, nor is it a member of NATO.

Functions of coordinating conjunctions

§ so – for showing the consequence of something
He was very hungry, so he ate all the cake.

§ but – for contrast
I eat cake, but I never eat biscuits; I don’t like them.

§ for – for explaining why [more formal and less common than because]

He’s overweight, for he eats too many cakes and biscuits.

§ and – the same, similar or equal; without contrast
His favourite snacks are cakes and biscuits.

§ nor – for two non-contrasting grammatically negative items (not + not)
He doesn’t eat cake, nor does he eat biscuits.

§ or – before an alternative
Would you like cake or biscuits with your coffee?

§ yet – contrast, despite something [synonyms = nevertheless, but still]
He’s overweight and feels terrible, yet he continues to eat lots of cakes and biscuits.





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