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II. The conditional mood
Task 3.Are these real or unreal conditional sentences?
1. If we had traveled together we would have saved up a lot.
2. If you’re scared of spiders, don’t go into the basement.
3. Where would you choose if you could live anywhere in the world?
4. If he recognized me, he certainly didn’t show any sign of it.
5. She’ll be furious if she finds out the truth.
6. You would know the answer if you had read the book.
7. You’ll have to take a taxi home if you want to live now.
8. If you had taken that job in Norway, you’d have been able to learn to ski.
9. If the Pittsburgh Penguins continue to do so well, they will win the Stanley Cup.
10. You’d be happier if you didn’t think about the past all the time.
Task 4.Match column A with column B and specify the type of conditional clause:
| A | B | IF-clause (type) |
| 1. Mary would be dancing here now 2. John would have solved the whole exercise 3. Mother would be cooking now 4. But for the thick fog 5. Were you to lose weight 6. Had you spread the seeds in autumn 7. Steve wouldn’t be able to interpret those ads 8. If you meet an alien 9. But for the aftershave 10. Do not climb the stairs 11. If you want to construct a wall between you and your students, | a. now you would be smelling the fragrance. b. the plane wouldn’t have been diverted. c. if she had felt better. d. if he hadn’t attended that course. e. his skin would get dry. f. if the earthquake has begun! g. if the blackboard had been clean. h. if the boss hadn’t called her in his office. i. you would feel more comfortable. j. do not pretend to be smarter than him! k. don’t tear yourself away from the textbook. | 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. |
Task 5.Continue the following Zero conditional sentences. State what they express: a) a certainty or a universal statement; b) a law of nature; c) an instruction.
1. Don’t touch electrical household appliances if…
2. Water boils if …
3. You become really tired if …
4. If you don’t have your identification card with you, …
5. An object falls down if …
6. If you burn yourself, …
7. If you are going to have a job interview, …
8. Use a flash if …
9. If you eat sensibly and keep to an exercise programme, …
10. If a person suffers from epilepsy, …
11. As a rule, a child feels like a fish out of water if …
12. If you are injured or become ill suddenly, …
13. It is considered to be offensive in Japan if …
14. Fish becomes smelly if …
Task 6. Work out a list of instructions for a school-aged child in the following situations:
If you are in a crowd
If you are about to cross the street
If you smell something burning in the house
If a pack of stray dogs is going to attack you
If an earthquake has started
If you are stuck in a lift
Task 7. A: Translate into English using Zero conditional where possible:
Японський етикет
Японська культура у своїй основі не змінюється з плином років. Японці ввічливі й стримані люди, і правила етикету для них дуже важливі. Якщо Ви бажаєте привітати людину, не протягуйте руку для рукостискання. Японці вітають один одного поклонами. Якщо вітаєте поважного начальника, Ващ уклін повинен бути глибшим і тривати трохи довше. Якщо у розмові ви пробуєте піймати погляд японця, він нітиться і виявляє бажання швидше закінчити розмову. Пильно дивитися в очі співрозмовнику вважається непристойним і означає агресію у поведінці. Через це японські діти, якщо їх сварять, часто стоять опустивши очі. Якщо Ви запрошені в японський будинок, захопіть їз собою невеликий сувенір, при вході привітайтеся, поклоніться, зніміть взуття у вітальні й одягніть запропоновані Вам капці. Якщо Вас запросили на обід, не наколюйте їжу паличками, не використовуйте їх для того, щоб відсунути тарілку. Пам’ятайте, що японські блюда – не просто їжа, а маленьки твори мистецтва.
B: Write similar recommendations for a person traveling to Italy, Germany, Egypt or some other country.
Task 8. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form in the First conditional sentences given below:
1. If I (see) him, I (give) him a lift.
2. The table (collapse) if you (stand) on it.
3. If he (eat) all that, he (be) ill.
4. If I (find) your passport, I (telephone) you at once.
5. The police (arrest) him if they (catch) him.
6. If he (read) in bad light, he (ruin) his eyes.
7. Someone (steal) your car if you (leave) it outdoors.
8. What (happen) if my parachute (not open)?
9. If he (wash) my car, I (give) him £10.
10. If she (need) a radio, she can borrow mine.
11. If you (not go) away, I (send) for the police.
12. I (be) very furious if he (make) any more mistakes.
13. If he (be) late one more time, we (go) without him.
14. She (be) absolutely outraged if she (hear) about this.
15. If you (put) on the kettle, I (make) the tea.
16. If you (give) my dog a bone, he (bury) it at once.
17. If we (leave) the car here, it (not be) in anybody's way.
18. He (be) late for the train if he (not start) at once.
19. If you (come) late, they (not let) you in.
20. If he (go) on telling lies, nobody (believe) a word he says.
21. Unless he (sell) more he (not get) much commission.
22. If I (lend) you £10, when you (repay) me?
23. We (have) to move upstairs if the river (rise) any higher.
24. If he (work) hard today, can he have a holiday tomorrow?
25. This ice (turn) to water if you (leave) it in the sun.
26. If the house (burn) down, we can claim compensation.
27. If you (not like) this one, I (bring) you another.
28. Unless you (be) more careful you (have) an accident.
29. Tell him to ring me up if you (see) him.
30. If I (tell) you a secret, you (promise) not to tell it to anyone else?
31. If you (not believe) what I say, ask your mother.
32. If he (like) the house, he (buy) it?
33. If you will kindly sit down, I (make) enquiries for you.
34. Unless I (have) a quiet room I (not be able) to do any work.
35. She (not open) the door unless she (know) who it is.
36. If you (require) anything else, please, ring the bell for the attendant.
Task 9. A: Do you believe in dream interpretations? Here are some of them taken from a dream book. Match symbols with their interpretation opening the brackets so as to form Conditional sentences:
| 1. If you (dream) about a balloon rising into the sky, | a) you (have) many little annoyances during the day. |
| 2. If you (see) ants, | b) business of every character (sustain) an apparent falling off. |
| 3. If you (cry) in your dream, | c) you (have) pleasant surprise. |
| 4. If you (dream) about magic, | d) some affliction (envelope) you soon. |
| 5. If you (see) the sun, | e) all the troubles and difficulties (lose) hold on you. |
B: Provide some more examples of interpreting dreams. Use the First conditional.
Task 10. In each of the following sentences cross out any of the underlined verb forms that we cannot use:
1. If you leave/will leave your things lying around, you shouldn’t be surprised if you lose/will lose them.
2. If you wait/will wait here a moment, I’ll tell Mr. Brown you’re here – assuming he is/will be in.
3. If you trust/will trust me, I take/will take the money to him, providing you have/will have it with you now.
4. If the unit fits/will fit in the corner there, I think it is/will be the best place, unless you can/will think of anywhere else.
5. If you help/will help me work out whether we need to make another order at the moment, I spend/will spend some time tomorrow helping you with your statistics, if you like/will like.
Task 11.Either two or three of the main clauses (a-c) can complete the sentences (1-6). Put a cross next to those that cannot.
1. Do that again and
a) I’m leaving you.
b) I won’t help you.
c) you would be punished.
2. Assuming you’re going to see him,
a) tell him about the meeting.
b) will you give him a message from me?
c) he can’t be a complete recluse.
3. If the boss is in a good mood,
a) we all feel the same way.
b) the inspection will go all right.
c) it would be a good sign.
4. If Paul’s been to Australia,
a) he has acquired an accent.
b) I think you should go there.
c) he would certainly go to New Zealand.
5. If you are still unaware of the answer,
a) you hadn’t been following.
b) you can’t have been concentrating.
c) it’s clear you weren’t listening.
6. If you will spread gossips about other people,
a) you have to expect people gossip about you.
b) people are gossiping about you.
c) you can’t expect others not to gossip about you.
Task 12.Make these requests and suggestions more polite. Begin with ‘If you will/would’:
1. Excuse me. I have to make a telephone call.
2. Leave your name and telephone number. I’ll call you back as soon as I can.
3. Stay here until I return. I’d appreciate it.
4. Keep the window open. I’d like some fresh air.
5. Excuse me. I’ll change for the dinner.
6. Postpone the meeting. I’ll be grateful.
7. Give us a grant to cover extra expense.
8. Follow the requirements. It is essential.
9. Write us soon. We’ll be grateful to know the verdict.
Task 13.Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form in the Second conditional sentences given below:
1. If I (have) a printer, I (print) it myself.
2. If I (know) his whereabouts, I (give) them to you.
3. He (look) a lot better if he (take) care of himself.
4. If you (play) for lower stakes, you (lose) so much.
5. If he (work) more slowly, he (not make) so many mistakes.
6. I (not drink) that wine if I (be) you.
7. More tourists (come) to this country if it (have) a milder climate.
8. If I (sentence) for 10 years, you (visit) me?
9. If someone (give) you a helicopter, what you (do) with it?
10. I (buy) shares in that company if I (have) more money.
11. If he (clean) his windscreen, he (be) able to see where he was going.
12. If you (drive) your car into the river, you (manage) to get out?
13. If you (not belong) to a union, you (can not) get a job.
14. If I (win) a big prize in a lottery, I (quit) my job.
15. What you (do) if you (find) a burglar in your house?
16. I (can) tell you what this means if I (know) Latin.
17. If everybody (give) £1, we (raise) enough to help children with cancer.
18. He (may) get fat if he (stop) smoking.
19. If he (know) that it was dangerous, he (not come).
20. If you (see) someone drowning, what you (do)?
21. My business (collapse) if I (buy) her everything she asked for.
22. If you (sleep) under a mosquito net, your body (not itch).
23. I (can) get a job easily if I (have) a degree in linguistics.
24. If she (do) her hair differently, she (may) look quite nice.
25. If we (have) more rain, our crops (grow) faster.
26. The whole machine (fall) to pieces if you (remove) that screw.
27. I (keep) a horse if I (can) afford it.
28. I (go) and see him more often if he (live) nearby.
29. If they (ban) the sale of alcohol at football matches, there (be) less violence.
30. I (offer) to help if I (think) I'd be of any use.
31. What you (do) if the lift (get) stuck between two floors?
32. If you (paint) the walls white, the room (be) more spacious.
33. If you (change) your job, it (affect) your pension?
34. If you (know) you had only one day to spend $ 5,000, what you (buy)?
35. You (not have) so much trouble with your car if you (have) it serviced regularly.
36. I (climb) over the wall if there (not be) so much broken glass on the top.
Task 14.Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Some of the sentences are contrary to fact, some are not.
1. I am not a spaceman. If I (be) _______ one, I (take) __________ my camera with me on the spaceship next month.
2. That sounds like a tempting job offer. I (accept) _________it if I (be)_____ you.
3. Don’t throw aerosol cans into a fire. An aerosol can (explode) __________if you (do) it.
4. It costs me a pretty penny to call abroad. However, if international telephone calls (be) ______ cheap, I (call) _______ my family every day and (talk) _______ for hours.
5. The teacher was absent today, so the lesson was cancelled. If she (not come) _______ tomorrow, the lesson (cancel) ______, too.
6. Sea water is salty. If seas and oceans (contain) __________ fresh water, there (be) __________ plenty of water to irrigate all of the deserts in the world to provide an abundant supply of food for the whole population of the world.
Task 15.Choose from these verbs to complete the sentences, using each verb once only. If possible, use the pattern were + to-infinitive.If this is not correct, use the past simple form of the verb.
Find fail like know win understand have have
1. If the police ………….. him, he’d spend at least five years in prison.
2. If they …………… to reach their target, the operation would be lost.
3. If I …………… how to contact Mike, I’d get in touch with him today.
4. If she …………… the next race, she would be world champion.
5. If I …………….. how it worked, I’d explain it to you.
6. If you …………… his first film, I’m sure you’d enjoy this one, too.
7. If she…………… a chance to escape, she would certainly use it.
8. If such a creature …………. an organized intelligence capable of expansion, it would devastate the whole country.
Task 16.If you were to enter one of the following GB universities to study the English language and literature, which one would you choose? Why?
| University of Birmingham State, founded in 1900 At students’ disposal: the largest library, free Internet access, consulting centre, foreign students support centre Cost: £ 9000 per year |
| University of Stirling Scotland, state, founded in 1900 At students’ disposal: day and night computer clubs, theatre, cinema, indoor and outdoor sports facilities First-year students are accommodated on campus Cost: £ 10,200 per year |
| University of Buckingham Private, not dependant on state support, founded in 1976 80 km from London, 30 km from Oxford Condensing 3-year standard academic content into 2-year programme At students’ disposal: 2 libraries, day and night Internet access, variety in sports facilites Assistance in job placing Accommodation on campus Cost: 9,420 per year |
Task 17.Match a sentence (1-10) with a response (A-J):
1. Would it be all right if we stayed here?
2. Should you need me, I’ll be next door.
3. Would you mind if I ask them along?
4. I’m sorry I couldn’t do it.
5. Do you think it might be best if I said no?
6. Could you let me know if you change your mind?
7. You’d feel better if you got some fresh air.
8. Why didn’t you tell me?
9. Don’t you think it’s time we were leaving?
10. I would if I could, you know.
a) Thank you.
b) Yes, please do.
c) Well, actually, I’d rather we didn’t.
d) I wish you could.
e) If only I had!
f) I think it is.
g) I’m sure you would.
h) Far be it from me to discourage you.
i) Certainly I will.
j) May be, I would.
Task 18. Translate into English using Zero, First and Second Conditionals:
1. Якщо б Ви вирішили поїхати до Південної Америки, багато її тварин здалися б вам породженням гротескної фантазії митця. Але не менш дивовижними були б для Вас істоти, вигляд яких на перший погляд є звичайним, такі як гоацин. Якщо б Ви побачили цього птаха, він нагадав би Вам фазана. Таких яскравих видів можна було б знайти не один десяток у різних кінцях земної кулі, яле Ви б дуже здивувалися, якщо місцевий гід розповів би Вам, що цей птах проводить все своє життя на гілках дерев над якимось водоймищем, годується тільки зеленим жорстким листям і практично не вміє літати. Якщо б не унікальний травний апарат – від птаха, у зобу якого постійно ферментується зелена маса, м’яко кажучи, тхне, - птах став би жертвою людини.
2. Якщо Ви прагнете харчуватися виключно здоровою їжею, це може негативно позначитися на Вашому психічному здоров’ї. Якщо людина цілком виключила зі свого раціону молочні продукти, цукор, сіль, каву, кукурудзу, алкоголь та інше, через деякий час у неї виникне орторексія – харчовий розлад, який розвивається у людей, які прагнуть завжди харчуватися правильно і доводять цю їдею до повного абсурду. Такі обмеження спричиняють дефіцит поживних речовин, авітаміноз, супроводжуються ізоляцією від суспільства і навіть членів родини, якщо останні не поділяють їхніх поглядів.
Task 19.Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form in the Third Conditional sentences given below:
1. If I (know) that you were in hospital, I (visit) you.
2. The ground was very slippery. But for that my horse (be) the first one.
3. If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you (get) a seat.
4. You (see) my garden at its best if you (come) here a couple of weeks ago.
5. But for his immediate reaction, I (be) killed.
6. I (not believe) it if I (not see) it with my own eyes.
7. If he (not slip), he (not fall) 100 meters.
8. If he (propose) to you, you (say) yes?
9. If I (have) a map, 1 (not get) lost.
10. If I (know) that you were coming, I (bake) a cake.
11. I (help) him, if I (realize) that he was ill.
12. If you (leave) that cat alone, it (not scratch) you.
13. If I (realize) what a bad driver you are, 1 (not join) you.
14. If I (notice) that the traffic lights were red, I (stop).
15. But for the thick fog, we (reach) our destination long ago.
16. If you (tell) me that he never pays his debts, I (not lend) him the money.
17. If you (not sneeze), he (not know) that we were there.
18. If you (put) some cheese in the sandwiches, they (taste) better.
19. The cock (not get) into the house if you (shut) the door.
20. If he (know) that the river was rough, he (not try) to swim across it.
21. If you (speak) more slowly, he (may understand) you.
22. If he (know) the whole story, he (not be) so angry.
23. I (not eat) it if I (know) that there was ginger in it.
24. If I (try) again, I think that I (succeed).
25. You (not get) into trouble if you (follow) my instructions.
26. If you (not be) in such a hurry, you (not put) sugar into the sauce instead of salt.
27. If I (be) ready when he called, he (take) me with him.
28. She had a headache; otherwise she (come) with us.
29. If she (listen) to my directions, she (not turn) down the wrong street.
30. If you (look) at the engine for a moment, you (see) what was missing.
31. Rome (be captured) if the geese (not cackle).
32. He (arrest) if he (try) to leave the country.
33. I (take) a taxi if I (know) that it was such a long way.
34. You (save) me a lot of trouble if you (tell) me where you were going.
35. They (force) their way into the house if I (not call) for help.
36. If he (put out) his pipe before putting it in his pocket, he (not burn) a hole in the coat.
37. If he (be) in, he (answer) the phone.
38. The ship (run) aground if the navigator (make) one mistake.
39. I (not take) your umbrella if I (know) that it was the only one you had.
Task 20. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the correct form of the verb. All the sentences are about the past.
1. But for the headache, I (enjoy) the party.
2. But for my smile, he (believe) me.
3. But for his help, it (be) impossible to finish before the deadline.
4. But for his accent, nobody (think) that he was a Dutch.
5. But for the darkness, we (not manage) to escape unnoticed.
6. I (bite) to death but for his bravery.
7. But for his sneezing, nobody (guess) that he was overhearing.
8. But for the late hour, I (stay) longer.
9. But for the pouring rain, we (continue) our journey.
10. But for his frantic look, the child (not start) crying.
Task 21.Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets:
1. I’m sorry you had to take a taxi to the airport. I didn’t know you needed a ride. If you (tell) me, I (give) you a lift gladly.
2. Many employees were not satisfied with the leader after he took office. If they (know) more about his economic programme, they (not vote) for him.
3. You made a lot of mistakes. You (get) a better grade if you (use) either a dictionary or the spell checker.
4. If you (write) the address in your appointment book where it belongs but not on a napkin, you (not lose) it and (look) for it now.
5. You (take) that job if you (know) that you had to work nights? - No way. I had no idea I’d have to work night hours.
6. This box has to be in Memphis tomorrow. I’m sure if I (send) it today by overnight express, it (arrive) in time.
7. I’ve always wondered why people build houses here. If we (have) heavy rains, the river (rise, always) above its banks and (flood) the low-lying areas. Lots of houses have been destroyed in the last twenty years.
8. Why don’t you go home and get some sleep, and I’ll keep working. If I (discover) a solution, I (call) you.
9. I’m really sorry. If I (know) you needed the report, I (stay) up all night last night and (finish) it.
Task 22.Write sentences beginning with ‘if’. All the sentences you write will be unreal conditionals:
1. I don’t know enough about the engine, so I can’t mend it myself.
2. He didn’t prepare for the interview, so he didn’t get the job.
3. Not enough funds were spent on cancer research, so prevention has not been found so far.
4. Andrew wanted to ask Kevin Spacey for his autograph, but he wasn’t brave enough.
5. I was sick yesterday, so I didn’t go to class.
6. Because Allan never eats breakfast, he always overeats at lunch.
7. Constance was late to her own wedding because her watch was slow.
8. I don’t ride the bus to work every morning because it’s always overcrowded.
9. Sarah didn’t know that highway was closed, so she didn’t take an alternative route.
10. Camille couldn’t finish unloading because no one was there to help her.
11. They didn’t found him in time. They weren’t able to save his life.
12. There was no truth in her allegations so I resigned.
Task 23.Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:
1. If you (agree) on a skeleton outline of the proposal the decision would have been arrived at sooner.
2. If you pass your examination, we (have) a celebration.
3. What (happen) if I press this red button?
4. I should have voted for him if I (have) a vote.
5. If you go to Paris, where you (stay)?
6. If someone offered to buy you one of those necklaces, which you (choose)?
7. The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) thick.
8. If the milkman (come), tell him to leave two pints.
9. Someone (sit) on your glasses if you leave them there.
10. You would play better if you (not talk) so much.
11. What I (do) if I hear the burglar alarm?
12. If you (obey) the instructions carefully, you wouldn't have answered the wrong question.
13. I could mend the roof myself if I (have) a longer ladder.
14. Unless they turn that TV off I (go) crazy.
15. If you were made redundant, what you (do)?
16. We'll have a long way to walk if we (run) out of petrol.
17. If you shake that bottle, it (not be) fit to drink.
18. I'll probably get lost unless he (go) with me.
19. You (not have) so many accidents if you drove more slowly.
20. If you (wear) a false moustache, nobody would have recognized you.
21. Unless they put a fence around that hole in the road somebody (fall)
into it.
22. You'll get pneumonia if you (not change) your wet clothes.
23. If I had known that you couldn't eat oysters, I (not buy) them.
24. If they (hang) that picture lower, people would be able to see it.
25. She (be able) to walk faster if her shoes didn’t have such high heels.
26. I (bring) you some juice if I had known that you were thirsty.
27. If you had touched that electric cable with wet hands, you (be) electrocuted.
28. If the story hadn't been so embarrassing, the newspaper (not print) it.
29. I (not buy) anything on the installment system if I were you.
30. Dial 999 if you (need) Police, Ambulance, or Fire Brigade.
31. You (not be) of any use to me unless you learn to type.
32. If anyone attacked me, my dog (jump) at his throat.
Task 24. Correct these sentences if necessary:
1. If Jack had been reliable, he would return the money.
2. The video pauses if you press this button.
3. If she would really wanted to see us, she would have come earlier.
4. If he doesn’t break the window, then who is responsible?
5. If Claire would continue to do well, she should pass the exams easily.
6. Steve would have been attacked if I hadn’t come along.
7. I’d be able to visit Jim in the morning if I stay in Manchester overnight.
8. Speak to Jane if you want to book a room.
9. If you know what it was going to be like, why did you come?
10. You’d be surprised if I told you this cost me my marriage.
11. If I had suddenly announced that the holiday was cancelled, the children had objected.
12. We might soon be making a profit if all will go according to the plan.
Task 25. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb in the following Mixed Conditional sentence. Keep in mind that all of them are unreal.
1. If he (study) hard the previous week, he (pass) his exam tomorrow.
2. Nobody (look) for them at the moment if they (take) a map with them.
3. Jason (be) at the conference now if he (tell) about it beforehand.
4. If I (succeed) in buying tickets, we (can) go to the recital tonight.
5. If she (be) more qualified, she (get) that job.
6. The driver (not wrap) his car around a tree if he (be) more careful.
7. If you (be) more sensitive, you (sympathize) with her in her sorrow while meeting each other.
8. If my watch (not lose) three minutes every hour, I (be) in time for my appointment this morning.
9. If I (watch) that film with you, I (have) nightmares tonight.
10. If you constantly (not put) your stuff in your holed pocket, you (not lose) your keys yesterday.
Task 26.Finish these sentences, taking care to use the correct tenses. If possible, give more than one variant.
1. If he had taken my hint, . . .
2. If you argued less, . . .
3. We'll send for the doctor if . . .
4. If she knew the rest of the story, . . .
5. If there isn't enough milk in that bottle, . . .
6. If you had checked the petrol before we started off, . . .
7. This clock wouldn't have run down if . . .
8. If the share prices exceed historic levels, …
9. If these gates are locked, . . .
10. If this discovery had historical significance, . . .
11. If his political future hinges on the outcome of this election, …
12. Her life might have been saved if . . .
13. If the volcano starts erupting, . . .
14. The grass would look better if . . .
15. Unless it is a nice day . . .
16. If you don't put enough stamps on a letter, …
17. He would lend it to you if . . .
18. Unless this hotel gets another cook . . .
19. If the storm becomes worse, . . .
20. If her face weren’t so impassive, …
21. If you tried to explore it without a guide, . . .
22. If you didn't shake the camera so much, …
23. I'd have brought my coat . . .
24. If you don't feel like staying in here, . . .
25. He would have given her diamonds if . . .
26. If you had asked his permission, . . .
27. If the fire had been noticed earlier, . . .
28. This will be an indictment of our education system . . .
29. You would have been angry if . . .
30. If he had put the flowers into water at once, . . .
31. If interest rates didn’t rise, …
32. If his book hadn’t examined the United States’ involvement in the Second World War, …
33. You will have to go to the dentist if . . .
34. He would have drowned if . . .
35. If this city is safe and invulnerable to attack. . .
Task 27. In the following sentences put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense to form conditionals. Put any other verbs in brackets in the correct place. An example is given.
1. If I (not see) it with my own eyes, I (not believe) a word you are saying!
2. We (still live) in Chicago if we (not find) someone to buy our house 6 months ago.
3. If Hilary (happen) to look out of the window at that moment, she (spot) the criminals trying to break into her car.
4. Nobody (ever guess) he was a thief if he (not catch) red-handed.
5. Henry (not ever get) that job at the bank if he (not go) to university with the manager’s son.
6. Just think, if I (join) that company, I (live) in Manchester!
7. If the doctor (not notice) the defect when I was 5, I (be) totally blind by now.
8. Frank (not be) with us today if that man (not know) how to do artificial respiration.
9. If you (listen) to the traffic report on the radio this morning, we (not be stuck) here in this traffic jam!
10. We wanted to go out yesterday but the weather was terrible. If it (not pour down), we (go) for a picnic.
11. Why not explain everything to him? If you (not reveal) the truth, I’m sure you’ll regret later.
12. Apparently, the company plans to close the port in the city. If that (happen), a great deal of money (be lost).
13. I (help) you with it if I (have) more spare time.
14. The government is expecting to win the forthcoming election. If it (not do), the Prime Minister (resign).
15. Fortunately, the explosion took place at night. If it (happen) in the day time, it (be) a disaster.
16. The talks between the two presidents have no success. If they (break) again, there (be) a war between the countries.
17. If Alison (know) more about mechanics, she (help) us.
18. I don’t think she (accept) the proposal if she (know) what a greedy and selfish man he was.
19. Jimmie has all he wants but he’s always moaning. I’m sure, if he (live) from hand to mouth, he (not moan) all the time.
Task 28.Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form:
Howard: Shall I make Billy something to eat?
Christine: Don’t, please. You know how much he eats when he visits his grandparents.
H: That’s true. If he 1) (do) nothing but eat all afternoon, he 2)(not want) anything when gets back.
C: Are we going to pick him up soon?
H: My parents promised to bring him over. We agreed that if I 3) (take) him there, they 4) (bring) him back.
C: Well, if we 5) (not collect) him, I 6) (go back) upstairs and do that report now. If I 7) (work) for half an hour, I 8) (finish) it by the time Billy gets home.
H: Why do you always have to bring work home? If you 9) (not accept) that new job, you 10) (have) much more free time now.
C: Yes, and if I 11) (not take on) that job, we 12) (not have) enough money now.
H: That’s true, but I hate you working so much.
C: Well, never mind. We’ve got two weeks’ holiday soon. Just imagine! In two weeks’ time, we 13) (lie) on a beach – that’s if I 14) (get) the time off work
H: What do you mean, ‘if’?
C: Well, if we 15) (get) more orders, I 16) (not see) how I can leave the office.
H: What? But that’s ridiculous.
Task 29. Rewrite the following sentences as conditionals:
1. Phil was with us so we didn’t get lost.
If …………………………………………………………………….
2. The missiles can be fired, but first the operator should type a six-digit code.
If …………………………………………………………………….. .
3. The problem will come. We’ll face it.
If ……………………………………………………………………. .
4.As the train was 10 minutes late I managed to catch it.
I ……………………………………………………………………. .
5. The snow was two feet deep. It was difficult to get the car out.
It ………………………………………………………………… .
6. The matter will be easily settled. I’ll give you a little practical demonstration.
If ………………………………………………………………………. .
7. Sorry I didn’t phone you but I lost your number.
I ……………………………………………………………………….. .
8. We don’t get on very well because she is so unbearably arrogant.
If …………………………………………………………………. .
9. There’s a possibility of a strike on Monday so I might not come.
If ………………………………………………………………….. .
10. We have a broken window because you and your friends were playing football in the back yard.
We ……………………………………………………………………….. .
11. They’re so closed that I speak to them very infrequently.
I ………………………………………………………………………….. .
12. I missed the end of the film so I don’t know who the murderer was.
If …………………………………………………………………………. .
13. She expects to be successful all the time. This is her only problem.
If …………………………………………………………………………. .
14. The team will go racing next year. But first they should raise six million pounds.
The team ……………………………………………………………………….. .
15. Zoe tripped and fell just as she was about to win.
Zoe ………………………………………………………………………. .
16. We were freezing. We hid ourselves in an igloo.
If ……………………………………………………………………. .
17. Nico’s not very good at Maths, so he can’t become an accountant.
If…………………………………………………………………. .
18. It is the Christmas season. The stores have to compete for customers.
The stores …………………………………………………………. .
19. Employers didn’t provide health insurance. The law compelled them to do that.
If ………………………………………………………………………. .
20. Supposing we do go ahead with the building, it won’t be before July.
If ………………………………………………………………. .
Task 30.Translate into English paying attention to the conditional sentences:
Джек: Що трапилось? Ти жахливо виглядаєш, наче тебе вантажівка переїхала.
Боб: Майже вгадав. Ти б теж так виглядав, якщо б пережив таке вчора. Була ожеледиця. Моя машина врізалась у дерево.
Д: Невже? Я теж виїжджав вчора, але нічого подібного не трапилось.
Б: Якби я їхав не так швидко, я б не в’їхав у дерево.
Д: Ожеледиця та швидкість несумісні. Якщо водій тисне на газ на кризі, машину неодмінно почне крутити.
Б: Я знаю. Зараз моє авто – це купа металобрухту. До того ж, в мене не було з собою посвідчення водія, тому мені прийдеться виплачувати додатковий штраф, коли я піду до суду наступного місяця. Якщо б моє посвідчення не випало з кишені в автобусі тиждень тому, зараз в мене було б наполовину менше проблем.
Д: Дивовижно! Якщо б ти не поїхав на тому автобусі, ти б не втратив посвідчення. Якщо б ти не втратив посвідчення, воно було б з тобою, коли ти потрапив у аварію, і тобі не прийшлося б платити штраф. Звичайно, якщо б ти не їхав так швидко, твоє авто не було б зараз металобрухтом. На твоєму місці я б не приймав усе це близько до серця, а поїхав би додому, поки ще щось не трапилось.
Б: Досить про мене. Я чув, ти збираєшся до Флориди у відпустку. Ти не проти, якщо я складу тобі компанію? Я б міг керувати, якщо ти втомишся.
Я – чудовий водій!
Д: Що? А хто щойно казав, що обгорнув своє авто навкруги дерева?
Task 31.Make sentences with the same meaning by omitting ‘if’ and using inverted word order:
1. If you should need my help, call me.
2. If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
3. If I had been offered a job at the bank, I would have gladly accepted.
4. If it hadn’t been for the toothache, I would have enjoyed the dinner.
5. If anyone should call, would you take a message?
6. If it were not for his scar, nobody would have recognized him.
7. If I were an oncologist, I would insist that you stop smoking.
8. If you should meet any difficulty, you may come any time you find convenient.
9. They wouldn’t have visited her if they had known about her being sick.
10. I would start teaching my sister to drive if she were a little older.
11. If you weren’t so careless, you wouldn’t feel sorry for the rest of your life.
12. If I hadn’t come out, I wouldn’t have seen you pass by.
13. If I were you, I would do things in a different way.
14. If Bob should show up, give him my message.
15. If she should question these figures, have her talk to the bookkeeper.
Task 32.Translate the sentences into English using inverted word order in conditional clauses:
1. Якщо б я не знав на той момент, що легкий вибір є не завжди правильним, це коштувало б мені роботи.
2. Якщо б повний місяць не освітлював нам шлях, ми б, можливо, заблукали. 3. Доведись вам приїхати до цього міста, ви неодмінно побачите кричущий контраст між бідністю місцевих мешканців і заможністю туристів.
4. Був би я на твоєму місці, я б захищав свої права до кінця.
5. Якщо б не обмежений доступ до цієї інформації, я б забезпечив тебе всіма необхідними даними.
6. Якщо б епідемія не була зупинена, вона б продовжувала простувати країною.
7. Якщо б він, як і його батько, почав грати в азартні ігри, він програв би увесь свій спадок.
8. Якщо Джейн раптом прийде, попросіть її зачекати в приймальні.
9. Якщо б йому не вдалося обернути всю справу на жарт, їхні теплі стосунки закінчилися б назавжди.
10. Якщо б не той випадок, ми б так і не дізналися, що він за людина.
11. Доведись нам знову зустрітися, ми будемо вже старими знайомими.
12. Рейс би не скасували, якщо б не сильний туман.
Task 33.Write a new sentence with the same meaning using ‘unless’:
1. I have to telephone Mike tonight or he’ll sell the bike to someone else.
Unless ……………………………………….. .
2. The hospital must get more money or it will close.
Unless ……………………………………….. .
3. You should keep medicines in the fridge only if it is necessary.
You…………………………………………... .
4. Speak to the Queen only if she speaks to you first.
Don’t…………………………………………. .
5. It must rain within the next few weeks, or water supplies will be cut off.
Unless………………………………………… .
6. I think you should complain if you are unhappy with the way the things are.
Unless…………………………………………. .
7. I can’t leave her. I should know that she’s all right.
Unless…………………………………………. .
8. Keep silence if you don’t want to reveal the truth.
Keep…………………………………………… .
9. This will make little sense if you are uninitiated.
This……………………………………………. .
10. The ancient manuscript will be illegible if it is transcribed.
Unless………………………………………….. .
Task 34. Underline the correct phrase. If either is possible, underline them both.
1. Unless it had been/ If it hadn’t been for my acquaintances, I wouldn’t have got the job.
2. You’ll regret unless you take/if you don’t take the opportunity.
3. Unless we cut/ If we don’t cut resource use and waste, we face a decline in the quality of our lives.
4. The workers have threatened to go on strike unless they are given/ if they’re not given a pay rise.
5. Unless we hear from you/If we don’t hear from you we’ll expect you around 5.
6. I must carry on working – unless you want/if you don’t want to help me.
7. The club will have to close unless we can attract/if we can attract more members.
8. He wouldn’t have failed his exams unless he had/if he hadn’t been ill.
9. What will you do unless you go/if you don’t go away for the weekend?
10. If he hadn’t tripped/unless he had tripped, he would have won.
Task 35.Complete the sentences with ‘as long as’, ‘provided that (providing that)’, ‘supposing’, or ‘unless’. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
1. …………… our calculations are correct, we’ll make a profit within a month.
2. ……………she is injured, she should win easily.
3. ……………it was possible to go back in time, I’d like to see the sphinxes being built.
4. …………… my neighbors don’t object, I’ll plant a plum tree at the fence.
5………………I get made redundant, what will I do?
6. …………… the destruction of the world’s rain forests is stopped, we won’t have enough air to breathe.
7. He can come with us ………………. he pays for his own meals.
8. You can borrow my car ……………. I can have it back by noon.
9. You can go out to play …………… you stay in the back yard.
Task 36.Rewrite the sentences replacing ‘if’ with the most appropriate conjunction (only if, even if, as long as, on condition that, in case, providing (provided) that, what if, unless). Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
1. Mr. Davidson says he’ll give a talk at the conference if we pay him a reasonable fee.
2. I won’t help him if he doesn’t ask me properly.
3. If I could get a job, life would be perfect.
4. If you had a lot of money, do you think you would give up work?
5. If the train arrives on time, they will be here in a few minutes.
6. If he doesn’t agree to my request, what will I do then?
7. You can go out tonight if you get back by midnight.
8. If the helicopter hadn’t been there to save her, what would have happened then?
9. If you’d offered to pay me a thousand pounds, I wouldn’t have done it.
10. If Rosie gets this new promotion, we’ll have enough money for a holiday abroad this year.
11. We’ll take umbrellas with us. It may rain.
Task 37.The condition is not stated in a conditional clause in the following underlined sentences. It is implied or is stated in a different way. Write a sentence containing the underlined words as a main clause, and an appropriate conditional clause.
1. Mary should apply for the job. She would make a very good accountant.
2. The problem is that she doesn’t believe in her potential. I know that she could study really well.
3. We’re lucky it’s sunny today. It would be unbearable sitting out here otherwise.
4. He would not manage to live on his own without the support of his neighbours.
5. With luck, we’ll persuade them to agree on the pilot project.
6. I hear you consider going to India for the summer. You’ll love it there.
7. I hope the refugees won’t be deported. They may be imprisoned or even sentenced to death.
8. It’s thoughtful of you to have brought all those chairs in from outside last night. The storm would have ruined them.
9. Mark should have told her the truth. I’m more than sure she would have forgiven him.
10. Without the help of the ambulance, more people would have died.
11. Sarah’s father would have picked her up, but she forgot to tell him she needed a lift.
12. I opened the door slowly. Otherwise I could have hurt someone.
13. Michael didn’t tell his boss about the problem because he would have got into a lot of trouble.
14. Carol would have gone with me but she didn’t have any spare time.