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Read the following text and fill in the gaps with one suitable word.
Ancient (1) __________ is everything that was built in ancient times by ancient (2) __________ and is worthy of preservation and study due to archaeological or heritage interest. It could be buildings, (3)__________ , monuments, bridges, etc. The purposes of these structures were different. Some of the structures were (4) __________ for living (buildings), some for (5) __________ of the population (for example (6) __________ walls around the towns), some for religion ceremonies (for example (7)__________ , cathedrals), etc. Usually a construction was built by (8) __________ , who often died during hard work. The main (9) __________ for construction in ancient times were stone (10) __________ and (11)__________ ; later (12) __________ and bricks appeared. This time was the time of ancient (13) __________ where the design was based on (14) __________ rather than on (15) __________ and accurate calculations. But nevertheless, many of the structures were (16) __________ enough and can be seen and even used in present.
If the task was too difficult for you, take the words from the following box to fill in the gaps:
| labourers cement defensive walls blocks pyramids scientific structure used materials engineering civilizations protection strong earth experience |
Part III
(… адрес интернет-странички с видеороликами…)
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD
(02:45)
PRE-LISTENING
1. Can you make a list of 7 wonders of the ancient world?
2. Were they built BC or AD?
3. Do all of them still exist?
4. What could destroy them? (p.a. - time, rain, earthquake, fire, flood, etc. - natural disasters; people, war, etc.)
5. Study the following words and phrases: “BC/AD”, “earthquake”, “fire”.
WHILE-LISTENING
Watch the whole video-track and fulfill the following tasks:
6. Put the 7 wonders of the ancient world in the order they appear in the track:
| Statue of Zeus at Olympia | |
| Colossus of Rhodes | |
| Great Pyramid of Giza | |
| Lighthouse of Alexandria | |
| Temple of Artemis at Ephesus | |
| Mausoleum of Halicarnassus | |
| Hanging Gardens of Babylon |
7. Complete the following table. Fill in information about the builders of a wonder, time of construction, their present existence, cause of destruction.
| Wonder | Builders | Time of construction | Time of destruction | Cause of destruction |
| Great Pyramid of Giza | ||||
| Hanging Gardens of Babylon | ||||
| Temple of Artemis at Ephesus | ||||
| Statue of Zeus at Olympia | ||||
| Mausoleum of Halicarnassus | ||||
| Colossus of Rhodes | ||||
| Lighthouse of Alexandria |
POST-LISTENING
8. Choose any wonder from the list above and find additional information about it. Get ready to present it to your class.
BUILDING THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA
(03:22)
PRE-LISTENING
1. What kind of wall was it?
2. Why were such walls built?
3. What are the usual dimensions of an object?
4. Study the following words and phrases:
“dynasty”, “barbarian”, “to bake/backed”, “battlement”, “to curve”, “masterpiece”, “remains”.
WHILE-LISTENING
Watch the video-track a part by part and answer the following questions.
00:00 - 01:20
5. Which part of the Wall exactly is this video-track about?
6. What name was it given?
7. When was it built?
8. Who was it intended to protect?
9. What is it made of?
10. How thick is it at its base?
11. What is the height of its battlements?
12. What is its length?
13. What is special in its construction?
14. How do visitors feel themselves at the sight of the wall?
01:25 – 01:57
15. Fill in the gaps in the following text with the words you hear:
| But there is little doubt about the (1)__________ : “this is the frontier of our (2)__________ ; on the other side the alien world (3)__________ ”. This (4) __________ is the expression of a (5) __________ that wanted to be entirely self-sufficient. This stone (6) __________ marks the pick of war (7) __________ in China’s long (8)__________ . |
01:58– end
16. How was the whole Great Wall of China built?
17. Was there any single strategic idea in its construction?
18. What was the length of all walls that were joined together?
19. Does the joined wall still exist?
20. What is the Great Wall symbol of?
POST-LISTENING
21. Summarize information from the track to make a small text about the Great Wall of China.
22. Make a list of arguments “for” visiting the Great Wall of China.