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Контрольна робота № 2
Варіант 5
1. Перекладіть текст з англійської мови українською і дайте відповіді на запитання.
Global benefits of global information infrastructure
Expanding the economy. Developing the Gil will add billions of dollars to the world economy. Integrating computing and information networks into the economy will make companies more productive, more competitive, and more adaptive to changing conditions. New job opportunities will be created in the processing, organizing, packaging, and dissemination of the commercial, information, and entertainment products that will flow through the Gil. One of the most critical issues will be reforming education systems and training programs to prepare citizens to take advantage of emerging and future opportunities. Similarly, economies may need to adjust in order to produce goods and services more marketable in a global, networked economy.
Improving productivity. Expanding productivity is vital to the long-term economic viability of nations because firms are increasingly insisting on using fewer resources to create, provide, and maintain goods and services. As a result, overall costs will decrease while valuable resources will be freed to invest in other sources of economic growth and productivity. For example, electronic trading will save stock buyers and sellers millions of dollars annually and permit more efficient trading.
Promoting democracy. The Gil will permit individuals to learn more about their governments and to participate more actively in governing. Most agencies of the US, Canadian and European Union governments maintain home pages on the World Wide Web, as do international agencies such as the United Nations, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, World Trade Organization, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation. Many other governments are in the process of making their information available, and political parties are also using the World Wide Web to disseminate their messages and to provide services to members.
Exchanging ideas and information. Access to ideas and information from around the world will perhaps do more than anything else to empower people and improve their lives. In some instances, the ability to access information can help save lives.
For example, the Pan American Health Organization conducted a hemisphere-wide teleconference to present new methods for diagnosing and preventing the spread of AIDS. Without the innovations of the Gll, crucial information on personal health and safety would not reach populations in need as quickly or easily.
Sector benefits. Gil applications will assist manufacturers in coping with the complexities of exchanging information and data about product development between companies and across international borders. Gll will also continue to improve health care access and quality while reducing medical costs. Efficient access to adequate and reliable data can help determine how nations and societies can grow efficiently without damaging the environment. Information technology is also revolutionizing education around the world and changing the ways teachers instruct and students learn.
Think and answer.
1. How can GII influence the economy?
2. What can empower people and improve their lives?
3. How can GII help manufacturers in their business?
Перекладіть з української на англійську мову
1. Після закінчення институту я подам заяву на посаду менеджера з реклами.
2. Коли він навчався в інституті, то працював неповний робочий день у нашій компанії.
3. Він дуже хвилюється перед співбесідою.
4. Нам сказали, що посада бухгалтера в цьому офісі вакантна.
5. Я вирішив стати фінансистом, бо справді цікавлюсь цією справою і з нетерпінням чекаю на результати співбесіди.
Контрольна робота № 2
Варіант 6
1.Перекладіть текст з англійської мови українською і дайте відповіді на запитання.
Deutsche Bank’s shopping spree
BUILDING a global investment bank is a famously tricky business. Buy other firms and you risk losing many of the people that you paid a fortune for. Develop your own business slowly, and you might never make it to the top. Deutsche Bank is doing things rather differently. Since it bought Morgan Grenfell, a British merchant bank, in 1989, it has avoided another purchase, despite the fact that its rivals have been fighting to snap up tempting firms. But Deutsche has not been content with slow internal growth, either. It has been fishing in other people’s ponds.
Since October 1994, when the bank announced a full merger of all its investment-banking operations, renamed Deutsche Morgan Grenfell (DMG) last July, it has plundered over 200 bankers from other firms, including many senior managers. Some hires have been truly spectacular. Indeed, the firm can justifiably boast that it has reeled in some of the best investment-banking talent in London and New York. Nor has the poaching stopped. In March Hilmar Kopper, Deutsche Bank’s chairman, said he wanted 200 more.
But at what cost? Managers at three rival firms, each the victim of a DMG raid, tell a similar tale. The German bank, they say, is using ridiculously expensive bait to attract new staff. It doubles their salaries and guarantees this figure as a minimum payment for their services for two years. For its part, DMG vigorously denies that any such compensation policy exists. It admits that, on occasion, it has offered guaranteed bonuses to those joining the firm, but points out that this practice is fairly widespread in the industry. And it claims to be paying no more than the market rate for its hires.
Michael Dobson, DMG’s chief executive, who is about to join the management board of Deutsche Bank, reckons this approach is the most cost-effective. Buying an investment bank would mean paying a premium to its book value (the historical value of a bank’s assets). Because this “good will” must be written off over time, it can make a dent in earnings for years to come.
Moreover, instead of buying a bagful of activities, Mr Dobson can also afford to be more selective in his shopping. The old Morgan Grenfell was strong in giving companies advice on mergers and acquisitions, and had fashioned a flourishing business trading emerging-market debt. But there were gaping holes. Deutsche’s own foreign-exchange and bond-dealing operations were in a mess.
The firm had racked up some painful losses gambling in the bond markets in 1994. Sources at DMG say the combined bond and foreign-exchange operations lost DM300m ($185m) that year. It was also weak in equities and—like many European investment banks—in America.
To plug the gaps, last year DMG hooked four important recruits. From Britain’s S.G. Warburg came Maurice Thompson and Michael Cohrs, who together had built a highly respected international equities business at the bank. From America’s Merrill Lynch, DMG hired Edson Mitchell, the firm’s head of fixed-income business. In his 15 years at the firm, he had built Merrill’s bond operation into a world-beater. And from Morgan Stanley, another American bank, came Carter McClelland, the company’s former chief strategist. Mr McClelland now heads up DMG’S North American business.
The bank has allowed these new recruits to go on their own hiring sprees. Mr Thompson, who is now head of investment banking at DMG, has lured around 50 analysts, traders, salesmen and others from his former firm. Mr Mitchell has been just as busy, poaching almost 50 of his favoured cronies from Merrill. Mr McClelland has just got started. In January, he hired Jonathan Wendell, Morgan Stanley’s former head of strategic planning. And in April, he lured away an entire team of bankers specialising in high technology. (Its boss is said to have been offered a guaranteed package worth $20m over three years).
Say what you have learned from the text about: 1. Deutsche Bank. 2. Michael Dobson. 3. Maurice Thompson and Michael Cohrs.
Think and answer.
1. What happened in October 1994?
2. What approach is the most cost-effective?
3. Why has the bank allowed new recruits?
Перекладіть з української на англійську мову
1. Тривалий час він залишався без роботи, поки йому не запропонували посаду головного бухгалтера.
2. Інколи між начальником і підлеглими виникають непорозуміння.
3. Я хочу, щоб моя робота була престижною, щоб я мав можливість спілкуватися з людьми та подорожувати, а також щоб були перспективи зростання.
4. Цю людину звільнено за недбалість.
5. Будемо щиро вдячні за швидку відповідь.
Контрольна робота №2
Варіант 7
1. Перекладіть текст з англійської мови українською і дайте відповіді на запитання.
The erection index
TOKYO. BEFORE Japan’s bubble burst in 1990, financial soothsayers in Tokyo used to scan the horizon to count the number of construction cranes busily at work around the city. Optimists viewed the “crane index’ along with its more disreputable cousin, the “erection index” (the height of the largest skyscraper under construction), as visible signs of the bull market’s virility.
Pessimists saw them as forewarnings of pending gloom. What, then, to make of the recent “topping out” of the twin Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur—which, thanks to a decorative spire, is 9 metres (29 feet) taller than Chicago’s 443-metre high Sears Tower, the previous record-holder?
A recent, light hearted study with ominous overtones suggests that each time a new skyscraper breaks the world height record, America’s stockmarket promptly crashes. Adjusting for inflation, Christofer Rathke, an independent market analyst and author, has traced the Dow Jones industrial average back to the turn of the century and found that the highest skyscraper of the day was built just as the market peaked. It then tended to hold the record until the next peak.
The three previous long-running bull markets before this one— 1895-1906, 1921-29, 1949-66—each ended around the time that developers were putting the finishing touches respectively to the Singer Tower (1906), the Chrysler Building (1929) and the World Trade Centre (1966). The bear markets that followed each “topping out” took the inflation-adjusted Dow down by 59%, 86% and 75%.
If Mr Rathke’s correlation has any statistical significance, Malaysia’s mega skyscraper could spell the end of the latest secular bull market, which started nominally in 1982 (or three years earlier, when adjusted for inflation) and is now 14 years old. That is not as long as the 17 years of the Dow’s previous rise, but it is also beginning to look long in the tooth.
Barton Biggs, the director of global strategy at Morgan Stanley, an American investment bank, has studied the great bull markets of the past. In nominal terms, the current bull has climbed 605% from its low of 777 on August 12th 1982. That compares with the 496% run-up during 1921-29 and the 515% in 1949-66. The bear markets that followed each of these two previous supercycles were brutal. As Mr Biggs notes, the last one turned a lot of stockbrokers into shop assistants.
After adjusting for inflation, however, the Morgan Stanley guru argues that the current bull market is still puny compared with the snorting monster that delivered a six-fold rise in real returns from the late 1940s to the mid-1960s. So it should have further to run.
Fans of the erection index may draw some comfort from the fact that Chicago is challenging the official endorsement of the Petronas Towers’ claim to be the world’s tallest building. The city claims that, stripped of decorative frills, the Sears Tower is still the higher of the two buildings. Even so, bulls might want to reach for their parachutes.
Say what you have learned about: 1. Petronas Towers. 2. Bull markets.
Think and answer.
1. What are the visible signs of the bull market’s virility?
2. What is the height of the twin Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur?
3. What is Chicago challenging?
Перекладіть з української на англійську мову
1. На початку наступного місяця нам потрібно домовитись про зустріч та обговорити умови оплати.
2. Коли Ганна вступила на вечірній факультет, вона не могла працювати повний робочий день, а була змушена шукати роботу за сумісництвом.
3. Перш ніж зробити замовлення, ми хотіли б дізнатись про умови оплати та постачання.
4. Будь ласка, надішліть нам прейскурант і каталог вашої продукції.
5. Грошима може бути будь-що, що приймається як плата за товари і послуги.
Контрольна робота № 2
Варіант 8
1. Перекладіть текст з англійської мови на українську і дайте відповіді на запитання.
Swiss banking secrecy
GENEVA. ACCEPTING deposits is usually one of the dullest of banks’ activities. Not in Switzerland. The country’s banks are regularly berated by international law-enforcement officials, who claim that the privacy afforded by Swiss banking law still attracts ill-gotten gains from the criminal and the corrupt. Now the banks’ behaviour is under the spotlight again, but for another reason.
After years of foot-dragging, they have been forced to yield to an independent inquiry into deposits they allegedly hold belonging to Jews killed in the Second World War. The banks insist that they have little such “holocaust cash” and claim disingenuously that they have no interest in holding dormant accounts (even though they can use the cash lying in them). Following a brisk search last year, they claimed to have found a trifling SFr39m ($32m) in such accounts, some of which may not even have Jewish links. International Jewish organizations retort that the banks are hoarding far more than they care to admit. Officials at the World Jewish Congress (WJC) have come up with their own, rough, estimate of “several billion” dollars.
The holocaust issue has spooked the banks on and off for half a century. Shortly after 1945, they agreed to hand over to the allies $250m-worth of gold deposited by the Nazis, some of which had been plundered from Jews. Another search, in the early 1960s, which was prompted by Jewish pressure, produced ameagre SFr10m in cash, which went to Jewish charities.
The latest build-up of pressure follows the recent declassification of American intelligence documents which, the WJC says, paint a picture of massive capital transfers to Switzerland before the war by Jews seeking a safe haven. Moreover, this time the Jewish groups have the vocal support of American politicians. The Clinton administration has publicly criticised the Swiss for dithering. At a hearing of the American Senate’s banking committee on April 23rd, senators joined the fray. “We cannot rest while unnamed individuals profit from the deaths of the 6m”, thundered one Republican, reflecting the general mood. There were calls for a boycott until the matter is resolved.
In private, Switzerland’s bankers dismiss this onslaught as an attempt by American politicians to attract Jewish votes in an election year. Publicly, however, they have lost their nerve. On May 2nd they agreed with Jewish leaders to establish a joint independent commission to investigate the allegations, working alongside mutually acceptable auditors who will be guaranteed “unfettered” access to the banks’ books. Once it has appointed a chairman, the six-man commission will begin poring over decades of files at up to 500 banks.
Think and answer.
1. What do the banks insist that?
2. What do International Jewish organizations retort?
3. What did they establish a joint independent commission for?
Перекладіть з української на англійську мову
1. Всі кандидати на посаду бажали отримувати заробітну плату, яка відповідає їхньому досвіду і стажу роботи.
2. Фірма шукає працівника, який володіє англійською та німецькою мовами, має відповідну кваліфікацію та досвід роботи, легко спілкується з людьми і має посвідчення водія.
3. Будь ласка, звертайтесь за додатковою інформацією в разі необхідності.
4. Місцеві жителі охоче торгували шляхом бартеру.
5. Податки — це основне джерело прибутків для держави та місцевих органів влади.
Контрольна робота №2
Варіант 9
1. Перекладіть текст з англійської мови українською і дайте відповіді на запитання.
Progress and Problems
Great progress has been made in industry, science and medicine. Widespread mechanization, the introduction of completely automated lines and computerized management are advancing in every sphere of our economy. New remote areas in the North, beyond the Polar Circle, in the Far East and Siberia are being opened up and developed. To tap their huge natural resources, pipelines and electric power stations, new railroads and highways are being built. The vast territory beyond the Urals produces most of the oil, gas, coal and minerals extracted in the Soviet Union. From the deposits in Western Siberia, oil and gas are piped to the European part of the country and, even farther, to countries of Eastern and Western Europe. It cannot be denied, however, that the price for rapid industrial development is very high: natural resources are exhausted, the ecological balance of the planet is disturbed, some species of flora and fauna disappear. Progress can be blamed for all these environmental problems.
To preserve Nature and keep the air and water clean, strict control is necessary. In Ukraine numerous purifying systems for treatment of industrial wastes have been installed; measures have been taken to protect rivers and seas from oil wastes. Wildlife reservations, models of undisturbed nature, have developed all over the country.
POLLUTION
The following discussion was held at Battersea County College in Great Britain.
Interviewer: What do you think are the worst kinds of pollution?
Steve: The noise and the exhaust of cars. It should be compulsory to have filters on exhausts.
Julie: I think the noise of airports is much worse. I live on Battersea Bridge Road which is one of the noisiest roads and it doesn’t bother me. I don’t really notice it.
Carol: We’ve got planes coming over our house every minute and I don’t notice it any more. You get used to it.
Interviewer: What do you think of clearing city centres of traffic and cleaning the air of big cities? How could that be accomplished?
Martin: City centers should be left only for pedestrians and all traffic should be banned. As to the enterprises which pour smoke out of their chimneys, they should be moved out. They endanger the health of people.
Interviewer: Judging by the statistics many industrial areas still have a lot of chemicals in the air. Does that worry you?
Martin: I’ve never really thought about it. Over the years you grow accustomed to the smell and dirty air. The only time you notice how bad the air is, is after you’ve been away for a while. You start coughing like anything.
Carrol: Clean air in big cities is a vital problem. People probably die younger in the cities as they can get all sorts of lung cancer and things.
Sieve: There is one more factor in connection with air pollution that many people overlook. If you move out enterprises into remote areas you can spoil the countryside. There won’t be any countryside left if all the factories are moved out to those areas.
Interviewer: What’s your attitude to wastes and recycling things?
Julie: I’m in favour of recycling. Bottles, cans, industrial wastes can be recycled.
Interviewer: Nature always recycles everything. Nothing goes to waste.
Steve: With human beings the main idea is to get as much as you can out of something and then dump the rest.
Interviewer: Are you concerned about pollution happening in other countries?
Carrol: I feel I don’t know enough about it. Sometimes you come across such information in the newspapers, but it’s not enough.
Steve: Yeah. They say aerosols are affecting the ozone layer which protects us from the sun and create the so-called “green house effect”. We should be aware of this problem.
Martin: I’ve read that recently in Geneva there was a conference attended by environment ministers from more than 100 countries with the aim of fighting against global warming.
Interviewer: Yes, you are right. We should think about future generations. Without cooperation at the international level, no doubt, deterioration of the environment will go on.
Say what information the text gives about:
1. The result of the scientific and technological revolution in the development of the economy.
2. The price for rapid industrial progress.
3. The way environmental problems should be solved.
Think and answer.
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of industrial development?
2. Can wildlife reservations save Nature?
Перекладіть з української на англійську мову
1. Сьогодні, в умовах жорсткого ринку, важко знайти добре оплачувану роботу, але легко бути звільненим через скорочення штату.
2. Потрібно утримувати баланс між кількістю грошей та кількістю товарів.
3. Як і всі комерційні установи, банки існують, щоб отримувати прибуток.
4. Проект коштував дуже дорого, і тому адміністрація не поспішала з прийняттям рішення.
5. Якщо в мене немає готівки, розраховуюсь кредитною карткою.
Контрольна робота №2
Варіант 10
1. Перекладіть текст з англійської мови українською і дайте відповіді на запитання.
Agents
According to world-wide statistics over half of the world’s foreign trade is handled by agents. Selling firms turn to commercial agents for their services mostly when they try to develop a new market for their goods in a foreign territory. The agents are instrumental in distributing the principals’ product as they know the commercial conditions and changes in the market of their country. They have their own storehouses, showrooms, repair workshops, service stations, etc, for providing after-sales services. However, sales through agents have certain disadvantages as the Sellers cannot be in direct contact with the market. They also completely depend on the agents’ diligence, efficiency and experience in handling business. Therefore the Sellers always treat the matter of signing up an agent very seriously.
The main provisions included in an agency agreement should clearly define the territory in which the agents are entitled to act, the time of the validity of the agreement, the quantities the agents undertake to sell annually and the agents’ remuneration.
There are basically two types of agency agreements. They are agreements for: 1) merchant firms and 2) sales agents. An agreement for merchant firms stipulates that they become the owners of the goods and can dispose of them at their option. Payment to the Selling (exporting) firms by the merchant firms may be effected by a Letter of Credit, for collection or by other methods.
The agreement states the amount of remuneration to which the merchant firm will be entitled. It may be a certain percentage of the value of the transaction or a sum equivalent to the difference in the prices at which they have purchased the goods from the Sellers and sold to the customers.
A sales agent comes as an intermediary between the principal who sells and the customer who buys. Sales agents may conclude agency agreements on a consignment basis which means that the goods sent on consignment remain the absolute property of the principals until delivered to the Buyers. In many cases the consignment transactions are concluded on a sale or return basis in which case the agents are to dispose of the goods within an agreed and limited period of time. If the agents fail to sell the goods within the stipulated time they are to return the unsold goods to the principals. The liability of either party for return of the goods should be stipulated in the agreement.
Under this type of an agency agreement payment to the principals can be effected by the agents by remittance either per each machine or unit sold or for the whole lot sold.
The agents may be granted the exclusive right to represent the principals within the contractual territory. Under the exclusive agency agreement the principals will have the right to sell their goods only through these particular agents inside the territory agreed upon by the two parties. Agents are interested in obtaining the exclusive rights as it is profitable for them to be the sole representatives of the principals and it enables them not to compete with other agents of the same principal.
Say what information the text gives about:
1. The reasons why exporting firms sell their goods through agents.
2. Two types of agency agreements.
3. Sole agency agreements.
Think and answer:
1. What goods are often sold through agents?
2. Why are agents’ services so often used in foreign trade?
Перекладіть з української на англійську мову
1. Ми раді Вам повідомити, що замовлений Вами товар буде відправлено вчасно.
2. Коли Ви відкриватимете рахунок у банку, Вас попросять заповнити спеціальний бланк.
3. Гроші прискорюють процес купівлі та продажу, бо нам не потрібно думати, як знайти необхідний товар, щоб обміняти його на бартер.
4. Ті претенденти, котрі добре підготовлені, пунктуальні, ввічливі та чесні, мають усі шанси отримати бажану роботу.
5. У мене ще немає рахунку в банку.