 |
|
Exercise III. Read carefully the sentences containing some American/British nationally peculiar notions and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
A.1. USAir has gone to «sporks», a combination of fork and
spoon to cut down on the number of utensils used. The USA Today
asked some Road Warriors who are best described as «grumpy gour
mands» because they probably eat more meals on jets than at home.
Here's what they say: «The scrambled eggs were OK, moist with
decent flavour. The waffles were almost soggy. The coffee was good,
but they always serve it in a Styrofoam cup, which drives me crazy.»
(J.Y.Oakton) 2) «Breakfast was a cheddar cheese omelette, it not
only appeared to be stable - as compared to some that swim in uni
dentifiable liquid - but it also tasted like cheddar cheese and eggs. It
was enough cholesterol to have caused a block in my arteries, but it
was good.» 3) «I had the grilled chicken, it was a good portion, but it
was dry with a fake, smoked flavour. The salad was fresh and cresp.
But it was served in a bowl, not on a plate. The wheat roll was moist
and served with real butter. For dessert, I had chocolate cake. But, it
was too sweet, which was good.» (K.W.) 4) «I had two choices for
breakfast: cold cereal or an omelet. I had Quaker Oat Square, a small
carton of 2 milk, low-flat peach yoghurt, orange juice and a banana.»
5) «This time, the plate had an ample amount of grapes, pineapple and orange slices, but only one strawberry. I didn't eat the yoghurt or the dry cereal, but I did have a warm blueberry muffin.»
6) «They served a health-food concoction that tasted like the cardboard box it came in. It was a sort of corn-flavored, crispy, chiplike thing, it had no flavour at all. We also had fruit. I like that they serve milk, but I hate that low-fat stuff, it insipid - all airline food is insipid.»
B. Translate the list of meals of a common American res
taurant.
1. Traditional barbeque foods: smoked brisket and ham, or turkey; pig picking pork, smoked chicken wings, baby back ribs (half-slab, full slab), spare ribs (short ends, long ends); grilled chicken and greens; Texas chicken, a boneless breast grilled with spicy Texas sauce, topped with thinly sliced smoked brisket and melted cheddar cheese; burnt ends, smoked apple sausage or brisket. Smoked ribs... tender meaty ribs basted with maple - mustard, glaze, slow roasted and then lightly grilled; hickory chicken... 1/2 chicken smoked and basted with the original BBQ (barbecue) sauce; burnt ends... tender chunks of twice-smoked brisket drenched in our famous sauce; Texas-size beef ribs marinated, slow-smoked and flame-grilled. 2. Garnishes:
BBQ baked beans, cole slaw and potato salad, whole wheat, white bread or buns, pickled and barbecue sauce. 3. Apetizers: cheese and assorted crackers, French onion soup, onion straws, corn fritters (hot and fresh long ends), a hickory-grinned chicken breast sliced and served atop, fresh veggies and greens, with our honey-mustard dressing; assorted relishes; vegetable tray with dip. 4. Accompaniments: dirty rice, tossed salads. 5. Desserts: creamy cheesecake, chocolate peanut butter, ice-cream pie; old fashioned cheesecake, apple fritters served hot with powdered sugar and sweet honey butter.
Exercise IV. Suggest appropriate English variants for the following units of Ukrainian specific national lexicon:
голова колгоспу/сільради, дружинник, суботник, січовик, січові стрільці, запорожець, герої Крутів, тризуб, універсали (Центр. Ради); залік, залікова книжка, відкритий урок, педрада, табель успішності, похвальна грамота/лист, курсова/дипломна робота; кобза, кобзар, бандурист, гопак, повзунець(танець), веснянки, коломийки, боярин, дружка, весільний батько, бублик, вареники, галушки, голубці, бабка, коржі з маком/шулики, борщ, куліш, ряжанка, узвар, грубка, лежанка, піч (у хаті), скриня, свитка, кожух, кептар, вишиванка, плахта, чобітки, льох, хата, гривня, карбованець, десятина, «бігунець», профорг студентської групи, крашанка, писанка, думи, «Ще не вмерла Україна».
Exercise V. Explain the proper meaning of the particular English national notions below and translate them into Ukrainian.
A.№10. Downing Street, Whitehall, the Upper House, the Com
mons, the woolsack, speaker, teller, whip (Parliament), division of Par
liament, the White paper, the Stock Exchange; John Bull, the British
Lion; lobby; ladyship, lordship, peerage, coroner, proctor, bacon, York
shire pudding, frankfurters, hot dogs; ale, gin; crown, farthing, guinea,
sixpence, private/independent school, comprehensive (grammar, mod
ern) school, the 6th form; jeans, jersey, pullover, leggings, stretches,
tweed; calumet, wigwam; bushel, foot, inch, pint, sheriff.
B. Suggest possible ways for faithful conveying the mean
ing of peculiarly American government offices and their princi
pal officials in the passage below. Identify the ways of transla
tion which you employ for the purpose.
The United States, unlike most other countries of Europe, Asia and America has no «government» but only an «administration» or to be more precise, a «president's administration». The latter in its turn
has no ministries and consequently no «ministers» but departments and secretaries performing the functions of ministries and ministers. Traditionally established in the USA are the following thirteen departments: Agricultural Department, Commerce Department, Defence Department, Educational Department, Energy Department, Health and Human Services Department, Housing and Urban Development Department, Interior Department, Justice Department, Treasury Department, and Veterans Affairs Department. Each of these government institutions is headed respectively by an appointed leader, as announced by the presidential secretary. The only exception is the Justice Department which is headed not by a secretary but by the Attorney General. Almost all Secretaries have their Assistant Secretaries performing the functions of deputy ministers in other European and American governments. Exceptions from the list include only four departments which have Deputy Secretaries instead. These are Commerce Department, Housing and Urban Development Department, Educational Department and Treasury Department. Still other departments in the U.S. administration government have Under Secretaries performing the duties of assistant secretaries which correspond to the government positions occupied by deputy ministers in other countries. To these departments belong the Commerce Department and Veterans Affairs Department. Secretary of the Interior Department, contrary to all others, has an Inspector General for the first assistant. But certainly the most peculiar are the duties of the Interior Department which include building roads, and overseeing the national park system, and not keeping law and order and fighting criminals, which the ministries of the interior are responsible for in other countries. These functions are performed in the U.S.A. by the F.B.I. (Federal Bureau of Investigation).
Exercise VI. Pick out the nationally specific English notions in the text below and then translate them in writing or in viva voce into Ukrainian.
The former Beatle Paul McCartneywas awarded a knighthood in the New Year's honours list. Among other showbiz figures receiving honors: Sir AndrewLloyd Webber, the composer of «Evita», «Phantom of the Opera» and «Jesus Christ Superstar» becomes Lord Lloyd Webber allowing him to sit in the House of Lords. Among others recognized: the actress Joan Collins,best known for her role as Alexis in the television show «Dynasty», received an OBE (Officer of the Order of the British Empire), while the playwright Alan Ayckbournwas knighted. Frederick Forsyth,whose best-sellers include «The
Day of the Jackal», becomes a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, which entitles him to add the initials CBE after his name. The racing driver Damon Hill,the current Formula One world champion, was given an OBE for services to auto racing.
Exercise VII. Read through the text on the British Parliament below and translate it point by point in writing or in viva voce into Ukrainian.