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TYPES OF AUTOMATION
Заняття 16.
Types of automation.
Види автоматизації.
Exercise 1. Прочитайте і запам’ятайте подані слова:
a retail store – роздрібний магазин
to retrieve – повертати, виправляти
to disseminate – розповсюджувати
to generate – виробляти, викликати, створювати
Exercise 2. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст
TYPES OF AUTOMATION
Although automation can play a major role in increasing productivity and reducing costs in service industries—as in the example of a retail store that installs bar code scanners in its checkout lanes—automation is most prevalent in manufacturing industries. In recent years, the manufacturing field has witnessed the development of major automation alternatives. Some of these types of automation include: Information technology (IT);Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) ; Numerically controlled (NC) equipment;Robots;Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM).
Information technology (IT) encompasses a broad spectrum of computer technologies used to create, store, retrieve, and disseminate information.
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) refers to the use of computers in the different functions of production planning and control. CAM includes the use of numerically controlled machines, robots, and other automated systems for the manufacture of products. Computer-aided manufacturing also includes computer-aided process planning (CAPP), group technology (GT), production scheduling, and manufacturing flow analysis. Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) means the use of computers to generate process plans for the manufacture of different products. Group technology (GT) is a manufacturing philosophy that aims at grouping different products and creating different manufacturing cells for the manufacture of each group.
Numerically controlled (NC) machines are programmed versions of machine tools that execute operations in sequence on parts or products. Individual machines may have their own computers for that purpose; such tools are commonly referred to as computerized numerical controlled (CNC) machines. In other cases, many machines may share the same computer; these are called direct numerical controlled machines.
Robots are a type of automated equipment that may execute different tasks that are normally handled by a human operator. In manufacturing, robots are used to handle a wide range of tasks, including assembly, welding, painting, loading and unloading of heavy or hazardous materials, inspection and testing, and finishing operations.
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are comprehensive systems that may include numerically controlled machine tools, robots, and automated material handling systems in the manufacture of similar products or components using different routings among the machines.
A computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) system is one in which many manufacturing functions are linked through an integrated computer network. These manufacturing or manufacturing-related functions include production planning and control, shop floor control, quality control, computer-aided manufacturing, computer-aided design, purchasing, marketing, and other functions. The objective of a computer-integrated manufacturing system is to allow changes in product design, to reduce costs, and to optimize production requirements.
Exercise 3. Доповніть речення звертаючи увагу на текст:
1. Although automation can play a major role in increasing productivity and reducing costs in… .
2. In recent years, the manufacturing field has… .
3. Information technology encompasses a broad spectrum of computer technologies used to… .
4. Robots are a type of automated equipment that may execute different tasks that are normally handled by… .
5. These manufacturing or manufacturing-related functions include production planning and… .