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What requirements does the US Constitution include for candidates?
Вариант № 4
Задание № 1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.
Elections in the USA
The US Constitution includes some general provisions on the franchise. It sets forth certain requirements for candidates running for a post of a president, a vice-president, a senator or a member of the House of Representatives. Requirements usually concern their age, residence and citizenship. The candidates who meet all these requirements are considered eligible for office.
A residence qualification requires a permanent residence of an individual in order to get the right to vote. The duration of the residence qualification is, in general, a few months though it may vary from state to state. Besides, some states have the so-called literacy qualification (the voter should be able to read and speak English, he (she) must know how to interpret the US Constitution, etc.).
In some states a poll tax is levied upon everyone who votes and this certainly discourages poor citizens and Negroes from voting. In this context, it is not surprising that not all the Americans participate in elections, including congressional or presidential elections.
The voters are registered by clerks of counties or towns and by localelection commissions. When registering, the voter must produce an identification card. This is done to prevent fraud. The administration of elections is vested in an election commission which ordinarily is composed of two commissioners, one representing each of the major parties, and a third ex officio member, usually a sheriff, a county judge, or a clerk.
Prior to holding primary or general election, the commission appoints an election officer for each precinct and also arranges for polling places. After the ballots have been cast, they are counted and the results obtained are tabulated and returned to the election commission which officially counts the precinct tally sheets.
Vocabulary
| general provisions on the franchise requirements age, residence and citizenship eligible for office a residence qualification a permanent residence the right to vote literacy qualification a poll tax the voters an identification card fraud a third ex officio member a county judge primary or general election precinct polling places the ballots the precinct tally sheets | общие положения в отношении избирательного права требования возраст, место проживания и гражданство имеющий право быть избранным ценз оседлости (постоянного проживания) постоянное место проживания право голоса (голосовать) образовательный ценз подушный налог (избирательный налог) избиратели идентификационная карта мошенничество третий член комиссии по должности окружной судья первичные или общие выборы избирательный округ избирательные участки бюллетени избирательные листы |
Задание № 2. Выберите правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос по тексту “ELECTIONS IN THE USA”.
What requirements does the US Constitution include for candidates?
a) The US Constitution includes requirements concerning only their age.
b) The US Constitution includes requirements concerning their age, residence and citizenship.
c) The US Constitution includes requirements concerning citizenship.
Задание № 3. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The man can be a prime suspect in the murder case.
2. If you have a problem, you may consult a lawyer.
3. You should not sign this contract, it is strange.
4. You may compliant, but it is no use.
5. Every pensioner needs social guardianship.
Задание № 4. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения в страдательном залоге. Подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог.
1. A number of murders have already been committed in this area recently.
2. Violent disruption was caused by rioters last week.
3. We are sure this crime will be prevented.
4. All the grounds for the divorce are got now.
5. These trespassers will be prosecuted.
Задание № 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода инфинитива в определённой функции. Из каждого предложения выпишите форму инфинитива и укажите его функцию в предложении.
1. They deserved to lose, their offence was badly planned.
2. Not to be asked many questions the accused started to give evidence.
3. To maintain law and order is the duty of the Government.
4. The Parliament is to carry out the programme of the country.
5. The lawyer proposed us to study the documents once again.
6. Public and private Bills are to be passed through the Parliament.
Задание № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода объектного инфинитивного оборота (Complex Object). Из каждого предложения выпишите данный оборот.
1. They understood her to be known as a good lawyer.
2. The policeman wanted the driver to leave his car.
3. The judge saw the secretary enter the courtroom.
Задание № 7. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода субъектного инфинитивного оборота (Complex Subject). Из каждого предложения выпишите данный оборот.
1. This lawyer is considered to be very competent and well-informed.
2. This information appeared to be very important.
3. This witness was unlikely to appear in the court.
Задание № 8. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода инфинитивного оборота c предлогом “for”. Из каждого предложения выпишите данный оборот.
1. It was very important for them to interpret the law correctly.
2. We were let go for us not to be late.
3. The offender listened to the judge attentively for him to understand the verdict.