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What document took away some of the King’s powers in 1215?
Вариант № 5
Задание № 1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.
The British Government
Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. But there are no written laws and there is no written constitution in this country. A thousand years ago, before the Norman Conquest in 1066, the Anglo-Saxon Kings consulted the Great Council (the Assembly of the two leading men from each district) before taking important decisions. Between 1066 and 1215 the King ruled alone, but in 1215 the nobles forced King John to accept Magna Charta (the Great Charter), which took away some of the King’s powers. In later centuries this was seen as the first occasion on which the King was forced to take advice.
In 1264 the first parliament of nobles met together. Since then the British Constitution has grown up slowly as the result of countless acts of Parliament. There have been no great changes in the Constitution since the revolution of 1688. The Parliament invited William and Mary to become Britain’s first constitutional monarchs.
A constitutional monarch is the one who can rule only with the support of the Parliament. The Bill of Rights prevented the monarch from making laws without Parliament’s approval. Since 1689 the power of the Parliament has grown, while the power of the monarch has become weaker. The Reform Acts of 1832, 1867 and 1884 gave the right to vote to a large number of common citizens. Today every man or woman aged 18 has the right to vote.
Nowadays British elections are usually fought between political parties, not individuals. Therefore, people who want to be elected to the Parliament need to be nominated by one of the main political parties. Although Members of Parliament (MPs) will support a particular party, they are not controlled by that political party and theoretically do not have to vote with their party in the Parliament. Each Member of Parliament (MP) represents one of 650 constituencies in the UK, not just the people who voted for them.
Vocabulary
| a constitutional monarchy written laws written constitution the Norman Conquest the Anglo-Saxon Kings the Great Council the nobles Magna Charta (the Great Charter) the King’s powers was forced to take advice the British Constitution as the result of countless acts of Parliament constitutional monarchs with the support of the Parliament the Bill of Rights without Parliament’s approval the right to vote common citizens aged 18 need to be nominated Members of Parliament constituencies | конституционная монархия писаные законы писаная конституция Нормандское завоевание англо-саксонские короли Великий Совет дворяне Магна Чарта (Великая Хартия) полномочия короля принудили попросить совета Британская конституция в результате бесчисленных актов парламента конституционные монархи при поддержке Парламента Билль о Правах без одобрения Парламента право голоса простые граждане в возрасте 18 лет должны быть выдвинуты члены Парламента избирательные округи |
Задание № 2. Выберите правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос по тексту “The British Government”.
What document took away some of the King’s powers in 1215?
a) In 1215 the Reform Act took away some of the King’s powers.
b) In 1215 Magna Charta took away some of the King’s powers.
c) In 1215 the Bill of Rights took away some of the King’s powers.
Задание № 3. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. You should claim your money back if the goods have been damaged.
2. Political abuses must be stopped.
3. The members of the jury can be discharged.
4. A witness has to be present at the sitting oа the court.
5. You may ask the judge a question if there is something you don’t understand.
Задание № 4. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения в страдательном залоге. Подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог.
1. A formal complaint was submitted by her.
2. Laws are made with the aim to protect people.
3. We are sure this bill will be rejected by the Parliament.
4. He has been sentenced to six months of imprisonment.
5. The appeal is being prepared by the barrister now.
Задание № 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода инфинитива в определённой функции. Из каждого предложения выпишите форму инфинитива и укажите его функцию в предложении.
1. This article is an attempt to defame an honest man.
2. To start divorce proceedings she went to the lawyer.
3. The monarch has to give a bill the royal assent, which is now just a formality.
4. The power of the Lords to reject a bill has been severely criticized by the public.
5. He is too astonished to speak.
6. To appeal means to take a case to the higher court.
Задание № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода объектного инфинитивного оборота (Complex Object). Из каждого предложения выпишите данный оборот.
1. The Parliament expects ministers to give their amendments to a bill.
2. They wanted the document to be sent to a special committee for discussion.
3. This decision made him think he had been mistaken.
Задание № 7. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода субъектного инфинитивного оборота (Complex Subject). Из каждого предложения выпишите данный оборот.
1. The problem is considered to be complicated.
2. The delegation was seen to have left for London.
3. The Prime Minister is said to be on the point of resigning.
Задание № 8. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода инфинитивного оборота c предлогом “for”. Из каждого предложения выпишите данный оборот.
1. The public waited for the judge to read the sentence aloud.
2. The lecturer stopped speaking for the students to calm down.
3. The judge asked witnesses several questions for him to specify the details of the case.