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Lecture. Places to see in Britain
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TV and Radio. Broadcasting in the United Kingdom is controlled by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the Independent Television Commission (ITС). The BBC receives its income from the government, but the private companies are controlled by the ITС which replaced in 1991 the IBA.
National radio is controlled by the BBC, and listeners can choose between four stations. Radio 1 is a pop-music station with news and magazine-style programmes. Radio 2 plays light music and reports on sport. Radio 3 plays classical music, and Radio 4 has news programmes, drama and general interest programmes. There are many local stations, some private and some run by the BBC. Their programmes consist mainly of music and local news.
The BBC has two TV channels. BBC 2 has more serious programmes and news features. There is a break for advertisements about every 15—20 minutes. The IBA is responsible for looking after the regional independent TV companies who broadcast their own programmes and those they have bought from other regions. The most recent independent channel is Channel 4, and it has more specialized programmes than the main channels. In general, people think the programmes offered on British television are of a very high standard. Some people, however, are becoming worried about the amount of violence on TV, and the effect this may have on young people.
TV and radio are also two of the main teaching channels used by the Open University. This ‘university of the air’ allows many thousands of students to study at home for degrees they never would have obtained in the main educational system. They also have to do without sleep as most of their programmes are broadcast early in the morning or late at night.
SPORTS AND LEISURE
Footballhas been called the most popular game in the world, and it certainly has a great many fans in Britain. Association football (or soccer) is the game that is played in nearly all countries. A team is composed of a goalkeeper, two backs, three half-backs and five forwards. There is another game called rugby football, so called because it originated at Rugby, a well-known English public school. In this game the Players may carry the ball. There is also an American kind of football, different from the other two. The captain of the team is usually the oldest or best player.
Cricket. People who live in England, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa or the West Indies learn how to play cricket at school. English people love cricket. Summer isn't summer without it. Even if you do not understand the rules, it is attractive to watch the players dressed in white playing on the beautiful green cricket fields. Every Sunday morning from May to the end of September many Englishmen get up very early and take a lot of sandwiches with them. It is necessary because the games are very long. Games between two village teams last for only one afternoon. Games between counties last for three days, with б hours play on each day. When England plays with one or other cricketing countries such as Australia and New Zealand it is called a test match and lasts for five days. Cricket is played in schools, colleges and universities and in most towns and villages by teams which play weekly games. Test matches with other cricketing countries are held annually.
In many ways this is the most English of all sports. It is a game for a hot June day with a slight breeze and the feeling that there is no hurry in the world.
RELIGION
Barely 16 percent of the adult population of Britain belongs to one of the Christain Churches. And this proportion continues to decline. Yet the regional variation is revealing. In England only 12 percent of the adult population is members of a church. The further one travels from London, however the greater the attendance: in Wales 22 percent and in Northern Ireland no fewer than 75 percent.
Today there is complete freedom of practice, regardless of religion or sect. However, until the mid-nineteenth century, those who did not belonged to the Church of England, the official “established” or state church, were barred from some public offices. The established church still plays a powerful role in national life, in spite of the relatively few people who are active members of it.
There are two established or state churches in Britain: the Church of England, or Anglican Church as it is also called, and the Church of Scotland.
As Head of the Church of England, the monarch appoints the archbishops, bishops and deans of the Church, on the recommendation of the Prime Minister, who might well not be an Anglican. The Prime Minister makes a recommendation from two nominee candidates, put forward by a special Crown Appointments Commission (composed by bishops, clergy and lay members of the Church).
The most senior spiritual leaders of the Church of England are the Archbishop of Canterbury, who is “Primate of all England”, and the Archbishop of York, who is “Primate of England”. They are head of the two ecclesiastical provinces of England, Canterbury and York.
Control questions:
1. Social and private life.
2. National traditions and customs of Wales, Scotland and Ireland.
3. Mass media: TV and radio agencies, “serious” and “popular” press.
4. Which are the most popular sports in Britain?
Lecture. Places to see in Britain
Plan:1. Architecture
2. Museums and Art Galleries.
3. Stonehenge
4. The Lake District
5. Canterbury
6. Windsor Castle
7. Hampton Court Palace
The aim of the lecture:To get acquainted with the sightseeing, customs, museums and art galleries in Britain.
Key words:
Stonehenge ['stounhend3] - Стоунхедж
Salisbury ['sɔ:lzbәri] - Солсбери
the position of some stones was related to – pacположение некоторых камней имеет связь с
Canterbury ['kæntәbәrі] -Кентербери
Kent [kent] – Keнт
Windsor Castle ['winzә'kа:sl] – Виндзорский замок
St. George's Chapel [snt'd3ɔ:d3rz't∫æpәl] –часовня святого Георга
Hampton Court ['hæmptәn'kɔ:t] – дворец Хэмптон Корт
Cardinal Wolsey ['kа:dіnәl'wulzі] – кардинал Корт
in rather un-Puritan style – в довольно непуританском стиле
Sir Christopher Wren ['kristәfә'ren] –сэр Кристофер Рен водятся приведения
Catherine Howard ['kæӨrіn'hauәd] – Кэтрин Говард
on a charge of infidelity [,infi'deliti] –по обвинению в нeверности
Jane Seymour ['d3ein'si:mɔ:] – Джейн Симур
Anne Boleyn ['æn'bulin] –Анна Болейн
' ramparts ['ræmpa:ts] –крепостные валы cunning- ловкость
mosque - мечеть
fortress -крепость
raven –ворона
eclipse - затмение
The content of the lecture: