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Lecture. Theme: A brief history of the United States (before the independence)



Plan:1. The first Inhabitants

2. Discovery of America (Europe’s first Explorers)

3. English Settlements

4. The English colonies

5. Trouble in the colonies

Key words:

Scandinavia[skændi´neivjә]- Скандинавия

Iceland [´aislәnd] - Исландия

Greenland[´gri:nlәnd]- Гренландия

Leif Ericsson [´li:f´eriksn] - Лейф Эрикссон

Newfoundland[nju:fәndlәnd] - Ньюфаундленд

Vinland [´vinlәnd] - Винлэнд

The Mediterranean Sea [meditә´reinjәn´si:] - Средиземное море

China [´t∫ainә] - Китай

Italian [i´tæljәn]- итальянец

Marco Polo [´ma:kou´poulou] - Марко Поло

Portuguese [,pɔ:tju´gi:z]- португальский

Portugal [pɔːtjʊgəl] Португалия

Spain [speɪn] Испания

Spanish [´spænɪʃ] испанский

Christopher Columbus [´krɪstəfə kə´lʌmbəs] Христофор Колумб

Italy [´ɪtəli] Италия

Queen Isabella [´kwi:n izә´belә] королева Изабелла

King Ferdinand [kɪŋ´ fә:dɪnәnd] король Фернинанд

the Indies [ðə´ indiz] Индия

Hispaniola [,hispәn´joulә] Эспаньола

Cuba [kju:bə] Ку́ба

the Philippine Islands [ðə´fɪlɪpi:n aɪləndz] Филиппинские острова

John Cabot [´dʒɔn´kæbәt] Джон кабот

The Netherlands [ðə´nɛðələndz] Нидерла́нды

Jamestown [dʒæmztaun] Джемстаун

the Piligrims [ðə´pilgrimz] пилигримы

the Mayflower [ðə´meiflauә] Мейфлауэр

they could worship [´w3´ʃɪp] смогли бы отправлять блогослужение

Plymouth [plɪməθ] Плимут

Samoset [sæmә´set] Самосет

Squanto [´skwontou] Сквонто

Thanksgiving [θæŋksgɪvɪŋ] благодарение

The Puritans [ðə´pjuәritәnz]пуритане

The Charles River [ðə´ t∫ә:lz´ rivә]

Boston [´bostәn] Бостон

Pillory [´pilәri] позорный столб

The content of the lecture: THE FIRST INHABITANTS

Imagine a time many thousands of years ago. A group of hunters came to a huge, unexplored land. They were the first people in America.

For many thousands of ears the descendants of those hunters moved farther into the new territory. Finally they settled in all parts of the land. Different groups developed different languages and customs. These people were American Indians, or Red Indians.

Then, one day, a new group of travelers came to the land. They had new customs, new languages and a very different way of life. They were Europeans.

No one knows exactly how people first came to North America. However, many scientists believe that America’s first settlers were hunters who came from Siberia.

These hunters followed big animals over a large bridge into what is now Alaska.

About two million years ago the weather in the northern half of the earth changed greatly. It grew colder. The snow that fell did not melt in summer. Much of the land was covered with huge glaciers. This period of time is called the Ice Age because so much of the North was covered with ice. Sea water froze, and the water level in sea dropped. There is a narrow strait between the Bering and Chukchi Seas. During the Ice Age this strait probably became very shallow. In some places it dried up completely and formed a land bridge from Asia to North America.

The scientists think that the people of Asia found this land bridge between 15,000 and 40,000 years ago. Group after group moved across the bridge to the unexplored continent of North America. They passed through what is now Alaska and western Canada.

2. Discovery of America (Europe’s first explorers)

The first Europeans to reach North America were Icelandic Vikings, led by Leif Ericson, about the year 1000. Traces of their visit have been found in the Canadian province of Newfoundland, but the Vikings failed to establish a permanent settlement and soon lost contact with the new continent.

Five centuries later, the demand for Asian spices, textiles, and dyes spurred European navigators to dream of shorter routes between East and West. Acting on behalf of the Spanish crown, in 1492 the Italian navigator Christopher Columbus sailed west from Europe and landed on one of the Bahama Islands in the Caribbean Sea. Within 40 years, Spanish adventurers had carved out a huge empire in Central and South America.







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