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Word List and Word Combinations



on the subject “Arts”

mention упоминание
stock хранилище
masterpiece шедевр
mankind человечество
satisfy удовлетворять
aesthetic эстетический
to be in touch with быть в контакте с
script рукопись
humdrum суета
acquire обретать
rank among быть в ряду с
take up поглощать
stretch простираться
arrangement расположение
fabulous сказочный
span миг, пролет
applied art прикладное искусство
enamel эмаль
lace кружево
ivory слоновая кость
excavation раскопки
scope размах
accessible доступный
merchant купец
purchase покупка
favourable благоприятный
due to the care благодаря заботе
fill up заполнять
deficiencies недостаток
accumulation накопление
at smb's disposal в чьем-либо распоряжении
gap пробел
portraiture портретная живопись
landscape пейзаж
pottery ware фарфор
possess обладать
vanquish преодолевать
presumably вероятно
gain получать
vividness очевидность
merge граничить
ascribe приписывать
reflect отражать
spirit дух
permanent постоянный
rapidly быстро
intrinsic присущий
amass собирать
hereby при сем
distinctive очевидный
intend намереваться
palatial дворцовый
carry out осуществлять
substitute заменять
scheme схема
throng трон
lavish щедрый
wing крыло
lay out располагать
ill-fated несчастливый
attempt попытка
mulberry tree шелковица
dignity достоинство
suitor поклонник
eccentricity эксцентричность
remedy лекарство
chain of fortification цепь укреплений
access доступ
proximity близость
timber строевой лес
alteration перемена, изменение
improvement улучшение
non-metropolitan нестоличный
austerity строгость
sequence последовательность
wainscot обшивка
inspiration вдохновение
marble мрамор
association ассоциация
inherit наследовать
apogee апогей
reorient переориентировать
legitimate законный
descendant потомок
spiritual духовный
inlaid инкрустированный
depict описывать, отражать
disuse неупотребление
subsequent последовательный
monk монах
consecration посвящение
burial погребение
demolish разрушать
shrine храм
reerect перестроить
embelish украшать
fan-vaulting веерный свод
clumsy неуклюжий
predecessor предшественник
buttress опора
underneath под
grave могила
chaplain капеллан
confer присуждать
bequeath завещать
intricate сложный
effigy портрет
regalia регалия
depict отражать
dormitory спальня
commemoration память
occur at иметь место в
vanished исчезнувший
obscurity препятствие
deprive лишать
congregation община
reinforce укреплять
conquest завоевание
sovereignty монархия
accordance соответствие
insignia знаки различия
abolition уничтожение
realm власть

Text 1

The Hermitage

The State Hermitage in St. Petersburg ranks among the world's most outstanding art museums. It is the largest museum in Russia: nowadays its vast and varied collections take up four buildings; its rooms if stretched in one line would measure many miles in total length, while they cover an area of 94240 square meters. Over 300 rooms are open to the public and contain a rich selection from the museum's collections numbering about 2500000 items. The earliest exhibits Date from 500000-300000B.C., the latest are modern works.

The collections possessed by the museum are distributed among its seven departments and form over forty permanent exhibitions. A common feature, characterising these exhibitions is the arrangement of items (all of them originals) according to countries and schools in a strictly chronological order, with a view to illustrating almost every stage of human culture and every great art epoch from the prehistoric times to the 20th century.

Fabulous treasures are gathered in the Museum. It contains a rare collection of specimens of Soythian culture and art; objects of great aesthetic and historical value found in the burial mounds of the Altai;' a most complete representation of exhibits characterising Russian culture and art. The Oriental collections of the Museum, ranking among the richest in the world, give an idea of the culture and art of the people of the Near and the Far East; India, China. Byzantium and Iran, are best represented; remarkable materials illustrative of the culture and art of the peoples inhabiting the Caucasus and Central Asia, also from part of the collections of the Department. The Museum numbers among its treasures monuments of ancient Greece and Rome and those from the Greek settlements on the North coast of the Black Sea.

World famous is the collection of West-European paintings, covering a span of about seven hundred years, from the 13th to the 20th century, and comprising works by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Titian, El Greco, Velazquez, Murillo; outstanding paintings by Rembrandt, Van Dyck, Rubens; a remarkable group of French eighteenth century canvases, and Impressionist and Post Impressionist paintings. The collection illustrates the art of Italy, Spain, Holland Belgium, Germany, France, Britain, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and some other countries. The West European Department of the Museum also includes a fine collection of European sculpture, containing works by Michelangelo, Canova, Falkonet, Houdon, Rodin and many other eminent masters; a marvellous collection of prints and drawings, numbering about 600 000 items; arms and armour; one of the world most outstanding collections of applied art, rich in tapestries, furniture, lace, ivories, porcelain metalwork, bronzes, silver, jewellery and enamels. An important part among the museum possessions is taken by the numismatic collection, which numbers over 1 000 000 items and is regarded as one of the largest in the world. A permanent exhibition of coins, orders and medals is open on the 2nd floor, rooms 398-400. There are auxiliary displays of coins forming part of exhibitions in other departments as well. A temporary exhibition of West-European medals is on view in the Raphael Loggias (1st floor, room 227).

The seven departments of the museum, i.e. the Department of Russian Culture, Primitive culture, Culture and Art of the peoples of the Soviet East, Culture and Art of the Foreign Countries of the East, Culture and Art of the Antique World, West-European Art, Numismatics, together with the Education Department, the Conservation Department and the Library determine the administrative and academic structure of the museum.

Within the past few decades the Hermitage has become one of the country's most important centres of art study with a research staff of about 200 historians carrying out a vast program of research on art problems, and responsible for the preservation of the museum treasures, their conservation and restoration, and also for the scientific popularisation of art. The results of this varied work are published in the form of books, articles, periodicals, pamphlets, etc.

Since 1949 a post-graduate school has been functioning at the Hermitage, specialists in art working here at their theses.

An important aspect of the Museum's research activities is the work of the annual archaeological expeditions organised by the Museum either independently or in co-operation with other Soviet scientific institutions. The most notable among them are: the Kazmir-Blur expedition making excavations of the city of Taishebaini dating from the 7n century B.C and situated on the Kazmir-Blur hill near Erevan; the Chersonese and Nymphaeum expeditions working on the sites of the ancient Greek towns in the Crimea, the Tadjik, Altai, Pskov and some other expeditions. The material discovered by them is of exceptional value, for not only does it throw fresh light on the problems of the history of the art and culture, but it also serves to enrich the Hermitage collections.

Most helpful in the Museum's research work is the Hermitage Library which contains about 400 000 books, pamphlets, periodicals, and is one of the largest among the art libraries in Russia. It was started in the 18th century and contains works on all branches of fine and applied arts. In addition to the Central Library each Department has at its disposal a subsidiary library of special literature. Of these, the library of the Hermitage exchanges books with a number of Russian and foreign museums. It is open to every student of art.

All these are but a few aspects of the varied work carried out by the Museum and constantly achieving still greater scope and a few forms, meeting the growing cultural demands of the Russian people.

Text 2







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