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Read the following sentences and translate them into Russian. Comment on the forms of modal verbs.



1. The company must have expected a sharp shrinkage in profits. 2. Could the company be planning to expand their activities in South America? 3. Many buildings and roads must have been damaged in the earthquake. 4. He can’t have been engaged in political activities without the manager’s permission. 5. Increased emissions must have had a damaging effect on the environment in that part of the country. 6. Could you have believed his story about the fabulous kingdom? 7. The indigenous people might have left the island centuries ago. Still there is little evidence to prove the hypothesis. 8. He must have been speaking with a hideous accent, even some of his countrymen failed to understand him. 9. This air-conditioning equipment can’t be too wasteful and expensive. Most offices in the area have already installed it.

 

14. Paraphrase using modal verbs.

Model 1:T –John doesn’t answer the phone. Perhaps he is very busy.

St – John doesn’t answer the phone. He may be very busy.

 

T – Perhaps Sarah is still working.

St – Sarah may still be working.

Model 2:T – Perhaps she has left office.

St – She may have left office.

 

T – Perhaps Diane has been working hard lately.

St – Diane may have been working hard lately.

Model 3:T – We are sure that the Lockhearts are on holiday.

St – The Lockhearts must be on holiday.

T – We are sure that the Lockhearts are holiday-making.

St – The Lockhearts must be holiday-making.

Model 4:T – I am sure the Lockhearts have gone on holiday.

St – The Lockhearts must have gone on holiday.

 

T – I am sure the Lockhearts have been holiday-making for over a week already.

St – The Lockhearts must have been holiday-making for

over a week already.

 

 

15. Express surprise and disbelief, add a sentence logically connected to support your opinion.

 

Model 1: T – The film is said to be very popular.

St-1 – Can the film be so (very) popular? I personally didn’t like it at all.

St-2 – The film can’t be very popular. Most of my friends find it boring.

 

 

Model 2: T – They say they covered 100 miles on foot yesterday.

St-1 – Can they have covered 100 miles on foot? They must be fooling you.

St-2 – They can’t have covered 100 miles on foot. It’s

humanly impossible.

 

16. Develop the situations usingmustandcanand the words suggested in brackets.

Model: –The doorbell rang, but I didn’t hear it. (I / to listen to

music)

– The doorbell rang, but I didn’t hear it. I must have been listening to music.

 

1. The computer you bought is very up-to-date. (it / very expensive). 2. I haven’t seen my next door neighbours for over a week. (they / to go on holiday). 3. The policeman has been walking behind us for the last fifteen minutes. (he / to follow)? 4. My Dad can’t find his gloves. (he / to leave / in the office / yesterday). 5. As I went out, I saw a man standing outside the pub. (he / to wait for sb). 6. The Huxleys haven’t lived here for very long. (they / to know many people in the neighbourhood). 7. Mary didn’t attend classes last week. (she / to be ill). 8. Mike’s new car is very fast. (it / cheap).

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