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VI. Fill in the gaps with English equivalents to «может», «должен»
At about 2 o’clock on a cold winter morning a man telephoned a doctor and asked him if he … come at once. “You … hurry”, he added. The doctor drove seven miles in answer to this call. When he reached the place the man who had called him said, “Doc, I overtired myself. I have not got any pain, but I have a terrible feeling that I … die soon. The doctor examined the patient, felt his pulse and took his temperature. “Have you made your will(завещание)?” he asked. “Why, no, Doctor”, the man looked frightened. “You … have done it long ago”, said the doctor. “Have you got a family?” “Yes”, said the patient. “You … send for them immediately, and your parents … be called, too.” “I say, Doc, do you think I am going to die?” “No, I don’t”, responded the doctor, “but I don’t want to be the only man you have made a fool of on the night like this”.
VII. Complete the sentences:
1. The room must be constantly .:. .2. The disease ... rapidly. 3. The onset is .... 4. In a mild case ... is the rule. 5. Death may ... .6. ... nursing is very important 7. The disease may have numerous and ... complications.
VIII. Read the following texts and say what new information they contain as compared with the previous text:
a) The onset of influenza is acute, without marked prodromal
symptoms, with a rapid rise in temperature and general symptoms.
Intense headaches, mainly in the region of the forehead, eyes and
temples are characteristic. Children are irritable, sometimes apathetic;
they have sleep and appetite disturbances. Vomiting and nosebleed
are frequent. In some cases the upper respiratory tract is affected
and catarrh of the mucous membranes begins.
b) Seasonal upper respiratory catarrh is one of the most
widespread children's diseases, which occurs everywhere and affects
children of all ages, particularly frequently very young ones. The
cases increase during the cold time of the year possibly because
children stay less outdoors and therefore do not get enough fresh
air, but get greater contact with patients and carriers of bacilli.
IX. Retell this text in English
Грипп – самая распространённая заразная болезнь, отличающаяся разнообразием проявлений и многочисленными осложнениями. Грипп передаётся от больного к здоровому и поражает и взрослых и детей в любое время года. Инкубационный период ериппа очень короткий, от нескольких часов до двух суток. Эпидемии гриппа повторяются довольно часто ( (через два-три года), но периодически они принимают огромные размеры и охватывают всё население земного шара (так называемые пандемии). В 20 веке были две такие пандемии: в 1918-19 гг. пандемия пандемия гриппа (так называемая «испанка») охватила все страны света, в результате погибло 20 млн человек. Вторая пандемия имела место в 1957 г., тогда количество заболевших во всём мире было также очень велико, но число смертных случаев было сравнительно небольшим.
Возбудителем гриппа являются вирусы. Известно несколько видов гриппозных вирусов. Вирус гриппа, находящий ся на слизистых оболочках носа, рта и глотки больного, при чихании, кашле и разговоре попадает в воздух вместе с капельками слюны или носовой слизи, т.е. заражение происходит воздушно-капельным путём. В крови людей, перенёсших грипп, вырабатываются особые вещества ( так называемые защитные тела), которые в течение некоторого срока (1 – 2 года) обуславливают иммунитет организма к новому заболеванию данным типом вируса.
X. 1. Speak aboutthe cause of influenza and its symptoms.
2.Speak about treatment of influenza and its complications.
3.Tell your group-mates how you were ill with influenza.
a)When was it? Did you have to call a doctor? What did he recommend or administer?
b)Have any of your relatives had influenza? What did they complain of? How did they try to improve their condition?
c)Speak of preventing influenza. What precautions should you take during an epidemic?
PNEUMONIA
Pneumonia is a specific acute disease which involves an entire lung or a part of a lung. Sometimes both lungs are involved. It
may occur at any time of year, but it is frequent in the months from December until May. The chief predisposing factors are. weather, draughts, loss of sleep and contact with patients who have infections. Various viruses and staphylococci may cause it.
The main symptoms are chill, fever, general weakness, sweating and persistent dry cough which can’t be relieved by common measures. The child usually has poor appetite, disturbed sleep. Sometimes children have local chest pains or stomachache. Young infants suffer from shortness of breath.In severe cases patients may have expectoration of bloody sputum. The disease sets in abruptly. There may be a preceding upper respiratory infection with a cough. If the disease remains uncomplicated if lasts from 7 to 14 days.
The treatment consists chiefly of bed rest. The most important agents are fresh air, good nursing and nutritious food that the child likes.The disease responds very well to specific medication with appropriate antibiotics (penicillin) Before the era of antibiotics sulfanilamides were used.. Mustard plasters are always administered, sometimes cups as well.. Diathermy of the lungs gives very good results. The child should be given vitamins C, A and others from the very first day of the disease.
A variety of complications may occur. Sometimes empyema develops after the seventh day of the disease. Otitis media and mastoiditis are usually found in children. Other complications are pericarditis, endocarditis and meningitis,.
An important factor in the prophylaxis of pneumonia is fighting such infectious diseases as influenza, measles and whooping cough, all of which are often complicated by pneumonia.