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A) Open the brackets using the correct forms of the verbs.



to attain –to succeed in achieving something; attainment – something that you have succeeded in doing or having

Class divisions bar students from university

Britain is considered ________________ (1 – to be) less class-ridden in the 1950s than they are today, as children from affluent families take the lion's share of university places and those from poorer backgrounds struggle ___________ (2 – to climb) the career ladder, according to an authoritative new study.

People born in the fifties are reported ____________ (3 – to be) more likely _____________ (4 – to escape) their parents' class than those born in the seventies. The report, which compares parents' and children's incomes over time, finds that equality of opportunity in Britain _____________ (5 – to decline) and reveals the barriers holding back children who start at the bottom.

Education _______________ (6 – to become) increasingly important for success in the workplace – but the benefits of the expansion of universities since the late eighties are believed _____________ (7 – to go) disproportionately to the rich.

Between the early 1980s and late 1990s, the proportion of children from the richest quarter of families who ______________ (8 – to complete) a degree by the age of 23 shot up, from 20 per cent to almost half. Over the same period, the number of graduates among the poorest quarter of families is reported ________________ (9 – to creep up) from 6 per cent to just 9 per cent.

This disproportion ______________ (10 – to blame) on the move from maintenance grants, concentrated on the poorest families, to student loans. In recent decade support appears _____________________ (11 – to shift) from the least affluent to more affluent students. So it’s perhaps no surprise that the expansion ________________________ (12 – to benefit) those from more affluent backgrounds. The equivalent ability kids from poorer backgrounds are not going to university.

This fresh evidence that social mobility ___________________ (13 – to decline) echoes concerns within government that widening income inequality _______________ (14 – to have) damaging social effects. Commenting on the government’s education policies, which promise equality of opportunity for children from all backgrounds, the report says: ‘The strength of the relationship between educational attainment and family income, especially for access to higher education, is at the heart of Britain’s low-mobility culture.’

(After Heather Stewart, The Observer, 2005)

b) Discuss the problem raised in the article:

· the impact of social background on access to university education in Britain and in your country;

· the role of education in achieving success in the workplace

· the impact of low mobility culture on the country’s economic and scientific competitiveness


 

  UNIT 2  

 

TOPICS: 1. Man and society. 2. Social issues.
GRAMMAR: Verbals: The Gerund.

 

  A Step I  

 

CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES (1)

 

Lead in

1. Answer the questions:

· How do you see the place /role of an individual in society?

· What social pressures does society exert on individuals?

· How do you see your duties and obligations to society?

· What do you expect to get in return?







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