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Additional literature
3. First Certificate Language Practice by Micheal Vince. Macmillam, 2003
| HAND-OUT № 141 Discipline: English as a foreign language Credit: 2 Advanced levelPractical lesson Lexical theme: Weather and climate Grammar: Present perfect simple and Present perfect continuous Associate professor L.B. Nagiyatova |
Warm up
· Do you think that people in general are concerned about the environment? If so, what concerns them most? If not, why not?
· Many companies today advertise the ways in which they are environmentally-friendly. Is this a positive development or does it have little effect. What should governments be doing about environmental problems?
GRAMMAR COMMENT: Present perfect simple and Present perfect continuous [Martin Hewings. Advanced Grammar in Use]
Present perfect simple refers to:
Recent events, without a definite time given. The recentness may be indicated by just.
We've missed the turning. I've just seen a ghost!
Indefinite events, which happened at an unknown time in the past. No definite time is given.
Jim has had three car accidents, (up to the present)
Indefinite events which may have an obvious result in the present.
I've twisted my ankle, (that's why I'm limping)
With state verbs, a state which lasts up to the present.
I've lived here for the past ten years.
Present perfect continuous (progressive) can refer to a range of meanings,depending on the time expression used and the context.
A state which lasts up to the present moment
I've been waiting for you for three hours!
An incomplete activity
I've been cleaning the house but I still haven't finished.
To emphasize duration
I've been writing letters all morning.
A recently finished activity
I've been running. That's why I look hot.
A repeated activity
I've been taking French lessons this year.
Exercise 1. Underline the correct phrase in each sentence.
1. The price of petrol has risen/has been rising by 15% over the past year.
2. No wonder you are overweight! You have eaten/You have been eating chocolates all day long!
3. I've read/I've been reading a really good book this morning.
4. Doesn't this room look better? I've put/I've been putting some posters up on the walls.
5. Don't disappoint me! I've counted/I've been counting on you.