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THE US EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM



Americans believe that all citizens should be given the opportunity to study and learn in order to develop their talents and abilities. The aim of education is also to teach young citizens how to contribute to society through good citizenship.

Most Americans spend many years earning an education. There are several levels in the US system of education. Schools range from nursery schools for young children to universities for adult higher education. Many children attend nursery school, or preschool. Nursery school usually accepts children three and four years old. Many public school systems start with kindergarten classes for five- and six-year-old children. Many children enter the first grade of elementary school at the age of six. In elementary school students learn the building blocs of education - reading, writing, and arithmetic. The curriculum also includes subjects such as history, science, health, art, music and physical education. Children attend elementary school for five to nine years, depending on how the school system is arranged.

Grades 7, 8, 9 usually make up junior high school. Many school systems have replaced junior high schools with middle or intermediate schools. Middle schools usually include grades 5 or 6 through 8. Some middle schools include only grades 7 and 8.

Students who have completed the first eight or nine grades enter high school. There are generally three kinds of high schools. Academic high schools prepare students for college. Technical and vocational high schools enable students to learn a trade or occupation. Comprehensive high schools offer college preparatory work as well as technical or vocational courses.

TheUS higher education

The need for higher education in the United States has grown with advances in knowledge and technology. Many jobs now require college and university training. Therefore, high school students are encouraged to earn as much education as they can.

2. Граматичний матеріал: Теперішній неозначений час.The Present Indefinite Tense.

Ex.1.Make these sentences interrogative and negative.

1. I often meet my friend here. 2. You go to the factory every day. 3. I read newspapers every morning. 4. His sisters always give me books. 5. He reads newspapers at home. 6. She goes to the disco every Sunday. 7. It helps. 8. They often come here. 9. We write questions at home. 10. He often sends me English books.

Ex.2.Insert the words: often, usually, seldom, never, always, sometimes, every morning (evening, afternoon).

1. She goes to the cinema with her friends. 2. We write exercises in class. 3. We meet at the university. 4. I drink tea in the morning. 5. I have an early breakfast. 6. We take this book from the reading-room.

Ex. 3.Read quickly inserting DO or DOES.

1. … you like English? 2. …your friend like it? 3. … he often come here? 4. … your friend drink coffee in the morning? 5. … you smoke during the breaks? 6. … you like picture in my dining-room? 7. …they come in time? 8. … you know him? 9. … he live in a house or in a flat? 10. … she like tennis?

Ex. 4.Tell what usually happens or ask using the verbs in Present Simple.

1. Я навчаюсь у школі. 2. Ми працюємо. 3. Вони не ходять у театр. 4. Ви працюєте? — Так. 5. Вона працює? — Ні. Вона вчиться. 6. Мій брат не вчиться. Він працює. 7. Моя сестра не читає книги. 8. Наша бабуся любить спати на дивані. 9. Ви любите відпочивати в кріслі? 10. Мій брат не любить читати га­зети. 11. Ми спимо в спальні. 12. Мій брат спить на дивані. 14. Моя сестра одягається перед дзеркалом. 15. Мій дядя пише кни­ги. 16. Мы пишемо вправи в школі.

Ex. 5.Translate into English using the verbs in Present Simple.

1. Коли ви встаєте? — Я встаю о сьомій. 2. Коли встає твій брат? — Він встає о пів на восьму. — А твоя сестра теж встає о пів на восьму? — Ні. Мій брат ходить до шко­ли, а моя сестра не ходить до школи. Вона ще не учениця. Вона встає о дев’ятій. 3. Мій брат працює в лікарні. Він лікар. Він встає о шостій. Він працює вранці та вдень. Увечері він не працює. Увечері він відпочіває (rest). 4. Твоя сестра розмовляє французською? — Ні. Вона розмовляє німецькою, а її чоловік розмовляє англійською.

3. Робота над текстом за профілем спрямування: PLANT

Plants are highly important sources of food for man. They supply us with clothing and many other things as well. Plants are grown and used for many purposes.

The principal parts of a plant are: 1) the root system, 2) the stems and leaves, 3) the reproductive part made up of flowers or seeds.

The roots have two main functions — to absorb plant nutrients and water from the soil. As to stems and leaves, the food used in growth is manufactured in the leaves. This process is known as photosynthesis. To support the leaves and to connect those with the roots are the main functions of the stem. The shape and the position of the leaves vary to a considerable extent with the species.

A flower is the part of the plant where seeds are produced.

All parts of a plant must be developed well and proportion-ally enough to function properly. If conditions for plant growth are bad, the plant will be too weak to develop its parts well.

1) reproductive part — органы размножения

2) vary to a considerable extent with the species — различаются в значительной мере в зависимости от вида.

Ex. 1 Answer the questions:

1) What are the principal parts of a plant?

2) What are the main functions of the roots?

3) What is photosynthesis?

4) What are the main functions of the stem?

5) Where are the seeds produced?

6) How must all parts of a plant be developed?

Ex. 2 Translate into English:

важный источник пищи, кореневая система, в значительной мере, различаются в зависимости от вида, условия для роста растения, слабое растение, фотосинтез.

Література:

1. О. Письменная. Английский язык: экология и охрана окружающей среды: - К.: ООО «ИП Логос-М», М.: ООО «Айрис-прес, 2007. – 368с

2. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповнене – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.

3. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.

4. Гужва Т. М. Англійська мова: Розмовні теми: Навч. посіб. Для студентів фак. Інозем. Філології, університетів, ліцеїв, гімназій та коледжів. – Харків: Фоліо, 2005. – 414с.

5. Бессонова І. В. Англійська мова (за професійним спрямуванням). Навчальний посібник для дистанційного навчання. – К.: Університет «Україна», 2005. – 263с.







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