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Organisation, Case study: Auric Bank, page 29



Student С

You want AB to use Orion Pic, the Scottish firm.

You think:

• the cost of the contract is very reasonable.

• there are many skilled workers in the area.

• the move will create a lot of jobs in the area (good public relations for AB).

• there will be good data protection.

If AB chooses one of the overseas options, you feel:

• personal information may not be secure.

• service will not be as good.

• employees will not know enough about AB's customers or its products.

• You do not think the cost saving suggested for the in-house call centres are sufficient.

Travel, Case study: Work, rest and play, page 20

Stage 2: Acc You must try travel servicf Monday ount Manager, Universal Airlines to arrange a suitable day and time fo 3 Manager. Here is your diary for the \a Morning All-day visit to a conference centre your meeting with IDP's tee k. Afternoon
Tuesday Free Appointment with your son's headmaster at 3 p.m.
Wednesday Free after 10.30 .a.m Free
Thursday Entertaining foreign visitor all day (including the evening)  
Friday Presentation to Board Free after 3 p.m.
1 Brands, Skills: Exercise D, page 11

 

Student С

In your opinion, Jonson's problem is that it is selling the wrong clothes at the wrong price.

• It doesn't have enough top-selling products at low prices.

• The products are not stylish or colourful.

• The store is dull. It needs to be redecorated in bright colours.

• It needs to improve the display of the clothes.

You think jonson should focus on the young segment of the market (the 15-30 age group). It should recruit a fashion expert with an international reputation - someone who knows what to buy and when to buy.



 

2 Talking about the future

Present simple and present continuous


 

 


Present simple

We use the present simple:

1to give factual information, for example about company activities.

Unilever makes a wide variety of consumer goods.

Does it market these goods globally? It doesn't sell in every sector.

2to talk about routine activities or habits.

I always buy the supermarket's own brand of detergent.

Do you usually pick up groceries on the way home?

He doesn't choose clothes with large designer labels.

3for actions and situations which are generally true.

Many consumers prefer well-known brands.

4for timetables and scheduled events. We launch the new range on 15 January.

Present continuous

We use the present continuous:

1 to talk about ongoing situations and projects.

We're developing a completely new image for the brand. Are you still working with those designers? They aren't saying anything to the press this time.

2 to describe temporary situations. We're testing a new logo at the moment. Are they offering a good discount during

the launch period?

3 to describe trends.

The number of people shopping online is growing.

4 to talk about personal arrangements and plans.

I'm meeting Frau Scharping next week.

________________ J

1We use going to to talk about what we intend to do or what someone else has already decided to do.

I'm going to buy a new car. She's going to tell us about the ideas they've come up with for the ad campaign.

Both going to and will are used for predictions.

There's going to be a flight of capital from the West towards India and China. The Fortune Garment Company will continue to lose market share unless it solves its problems.

2We use 'II to make a spontaneous promise or offer to do something.

'I haven't got time to do this myself "Don't worry. I'll give you a hand.'

3We use the present continuous to talk about fixed plans or arrangements.

I'm meeting Mrs da Silva next week. She's arriving on Wednesday.

4We use the present simple to talk about a schedule.

The flight leaves at 15.50 tomorrow.

In time clauses, we use the present simple to refer to future time. It is incorrect to use will in a time clause.

We won't start until everyone gets here. I'm going to go round the world when I retire.

Ж soon as I have the results, I'll give you a ring.

J

Come and see me before you go.

1We use's to express a relationship between a person or organisation and another person or thing.

Mr Blake's secretary her husband's car BA's employees Volvo's reputation

The's very often means that the relationship can be expressed using have.

Mr Blake has a secretary. Volvo has a reputation.

2When two nouns are used together, the first noun functions as an adjective and describes the second noun.

a business card a job description an office complex a travel agency

Sometimes three or more nouns occur together.

a company credit card (a credit card issued

by a company) a management training programme (a training programme designed for management)

3Two nouns are joined by ofwhen the ideas are more abstract.

the cost of living

independence of mind

the joy of working and lifelong learning

4Some compound nouns are written as one word.

database answerphone letterhead headquarters

5When compound nouns are used with a number in expressions of measurement, the first noun is singular.

3 Noun combinations
J

a six-lane motorway a four-day week

с

Past simple

1We use the past simple to refer to events that took place in the past.

A pharmacist called John Pemberton invented Coca-Cola.

'Did you go to Berlin last week?' 'Yes, and I met Herr Gnuchtel.'

2We frequently use a time adverb to situate the event in finished past time.

Rolls Royce went bust in 1973. A few years ago, the City Plaza hotel was a

leader in its segment of the market. Many people lost a lot of money on the Stock Exchange during the 1990s.

3We use the past simple in annual reports to describe the company's performance over the last year.

Last year was a good year for our group. Sales rose by more than 11% and we made substantial gains in market share in a number of countries.

Present perfect

1We use the present perfect to say that a finished past action is relevant now.

They have developed a new brand of toothpaste.

The chairman has recently resigned.

2We use the present perfect when we are thinking of a period of time continuing up to the present.

For over 50 years, Stirling Cars has developed classic sports cars. Calvin Klein has been one of the leading fashion designers since the mid-1970s.

3We often use this tense to talk about our life experiences.

Past simple and present perfect

J

She has had a number of interesting jobs. He's worked for a variety of firms.

To describe changing circumstances we can use verbs of movement. improve increase recover rise (<*) decline decrease drop fall (4) A dramatic movement may be expressed by:

rocket soar (<*)

dive plummet (4) A slight movement can be indicated by:

edge up (*)

edge down dip (4)

The amount of increase can also be indicated using these verbs:

halve (/2)

double (x2)

triple (хз)

quadruple (X4) increase tenfold (xio) Or with a preposition:

Our business grew by 15% last year. Sales have increased from €5 million to €5.8 million.

Changes which have not reached their end-point are expressed using -ing.

Profits are falling. Unemployment has been rising.

If the change is complete we use a perfect tense.

The Government has privatised the rail network.

5 Trends

Sales have increased and that has meant higher profits.

The indefinite article: a/an

We use a/an in the following ways:

• before unspecified singular countable nouns.

She works in an office.

• with the names of professions.

She's an executive and he's a manager.

• in expressions of measurement.

We charge $500 an hour. It sells at €1.75 a litre.

• before a noun to mean all things of the same type.

A loss leader is an article that a store sells at a low price to tempt customers to buy other goods.

The definite article: the

We use the:

• when it is clear from the context what particular thing or place is meant.

I'll meet you in the reception area.

• before a noun that we have mentioned before.

They had a villa in Cannes and a chalet in Innsbruck but they sold the villa.

• before adjectives to specify a category of people or things.

the rich, the poor, the French, the unemployed, the World Wide Web

Zero article: (0)

1 We do not put an article before mass nouns used in general statements.

(0) Money is the root of all (0) evil.

2 Usually there is no article before the names of places and people.

6 Articles

(0) Poland (0) Japan (0) Dr Spock (0) President Clinton


Advice

1 We can use should and shouldn't to give or ask for advice.

You should always learn something about a country before visiting it. Should I invite our agents out to dinner after the meeting?

• Should often follows the verbs suggest and think.

I think we should find out more about them before signing the contract.

2 For strong advice we can use must or mustn't.

They must pay their bills on time in future. You mustn't refuse if you're offered a small gift.







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