Здавалка
Главная | Обратная связь

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of



“ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

 

Part II

MAIN BRANCHES OF ENGINEERING

Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the following words:

 

Civil divided buildings types chemical Electrical discipline roads telecommunications areas engineering engines systems Mechanical

Engineering is a broad (1) __________ which is often (2) __________ into several sub-disciplines. These disciplines concern different (3) __________ of engineering work. Although an engineer will be trained in a specific discipline, during an engineer's career the engineer may become multi-disciplined and work in several areas. Historically the main branches (or (4) __________ ) of Engineering are categorized as follows:

  • (5) __________ engineering - The design and construction of public and private works - (6)__________ , railways, water supply, bridges and (7) __________ .
  • (8) __________ engineering - a very broad area that may include the design and study of various electrical & electronic (9) __________ , such as electrical circuits, generators, motors, electromagnetic/electromechanical devices, electronic devices, electronic circuits, optical fibers, optoelectronic devices, computer systems, (10) __________ .
  • (11) __________ engineering - The design of physical or mechanical systems, such as (12) __________ , powertrains, kinematic chains, vacuum technology, and vibration isolation equipment.

Also, nowadays there are some other small sub-branches such as: aerospace engineering, (13) __________ engineering, computer engineering, medical (14) __________ , biological engineering, art engineering and many others.

 

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the following words:

buildings bridges companies discipline engineering design engineer

First the term “engineering” referred only to construction of military objects. Later, as the design of civilian structures such as (1) __________ and buildings became a technical discipline, the term ‘civil engineering’ entered the lexicon. This was done to distinguish between those specializing in the construction of such non-military projects and those involved in the older discipline of military engineering.

Civil engineering is a professional engineering (2) __________ that deals with the (3) __________, construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including bridges, roads, canals, dams and (4) __________ . Civil (5) __________ is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering. It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering, construction engineering. Civil engineering takes place on all levels: in the public sector from municipal through to federal levels, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international (6) __________ .

A civil (7) __________ (in English usage) is a person who practices civil engineering. Originally a civil engineer worked on public works projects and was contrasted with the military engineer, who worked on armaments and defenses.







©2015 arhivinfo.ru Все права принадлежат авторам размещенных материалов.