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Text C
Crop Rotation
Rotation of crops is the order in which crops are grown during a series of years on the same land.
This practice has many advantages. Plants tend to exhaust the soil, but in different degrees, hence a rotation tends to maintain a balance. All plants do not take up the same ingredients in the same proportion, thus crops rich in carbonaceous matter take up relatively small, amounts of food from the soil, but large quantities from the air, the latter costing nothing. Plants also vary in their ability to assimilate the plant food in the soil, thus buckwheat and rye are able to do well where wheat and cabbages could hardly live.
The legumes are valuable in crop rotation, as they enrich the soil with nitrogen.
Some crops give better opportunity for cleaning land, as corn and potatoes. Others cannot be tilled and favour the growth of weeds, such as wheat and oats.
In a rotation the increase of diseases and injurious insects is hindered, owing to their not having the necessary crops to prey upon.
Certain crops permit the sowing of others among them, thus saving time. Clover and grass seeds are sown among barley and wheat; wheat is sown among corn. It is economical too that with crop rotation the labour is distributed over a greater portion of the year.
A variety of crops is essential where cattle and other livestock are kept.
Rotations are described according to the number of years required to complete a circuit as six–course, seven–course, etc, rotations.
Translate the following microtext using a dictionary.
Certain plant diseases tend to become more serious if the same crop is grown in successive years. Once a soil becomes infested with disease organisms, a planned rotation will often do much to reduce recurring injury. The loss of the fertile top soils is greatest on those farms where the operator insists on the continuous cultivation is the rapid depletion of organic matter and subsequent erosion. The very nature of tillage breaks down organic matter that must be returned to avoid serious soil losses. Many farms have fields that are too steep for growing tilled crops, and such areas should be maintained in grass crop.
Unit 12
Fertilizers and their Application
Pretext Exercises
Translate the following words on the basis of similarity with Russian words.
nutrient, application, deficient, commercial, grouped, effective, concentrated, cultivation, mixture, granulated, classify, correct, stage, metabolism, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, concentrate, nitrogen, to correct
Vocabulary list
1. to remove – выносить
2. commercial – торговый, коммерческий
3. fertile – плодородный
4. fertility – плодородие
5. fertilize – удобрять, вносить удобрение
6. fertilizer – удобрение
7. to apply – вносить, применять
8. soluble – растворимый
9. injury – повреждение
10. topdressing– поверхностное внесение, подкормка
11. sidedressing – боковая подкормка (междурядная)
12. to follow – следовать
13. liquid – жидкий
14. granulated – гранулированный
15. leaching – выщелачивание
16. conversion – превращение
17. unavailable – недоступный
18. to cause – вызывать
19. evenly – равномерный
20. lime – известь
21. soil acidity – кислотность почвы
22. tobesubject – быть подверженным, подвергаться
23. to ensure – гарантировать, обеспечивать
24. injury – повреждение
25. row crops – пропашные культуры
26. a companion crop – сопутствующая культура