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Here are some answers and tips to the questions written above
Words to master:
distress – фізичний біль, нездужання, тяжке становище
to gloss – прикрашати, наводити глянець
to respond – відповідати, реагувати, нести відповідальність
to eliminatе – знищити, ліквідувати, виключити, анулювати
exposure – підверження, виставлення, залишення, поява
premise – допущення, вихідна умова,
gratification – задоволення, насолода
to trigger – приводити в дію механізм, ініціювати, покласти початок
exaggerated – через мірний, непомірний, перебільшений
disaster- лихо, нещастя, катастрофа
to overreact – приймати близько до серця
to prevail – одержати перемогу, досягти мети, домінувати
to cope with – справлятися з чимось
biofeedback – біологічний зворотній зв’язок
prescribed – прийнятий, встановлений, приписаний
long-term - довготривалий
cardiovascular – серцево-судинний
nutritious - поживний
excessive – непомірний, черезмірний
mutually – взаємно, сумісно
to pursue – переслідувати, добиватися, продовжувати
Translate the sentences using the words from the list:
a) Here is a list of books which have been prescribed for this course
b) Rob never expected them to express gratification
c) like all spinach, it is very nutritious and best when young
d) they are urging people not to overreact to the problem
e) I can't cope with such a pile of work this weekend.
f) At least two people died of exposure in Chicago overnight
g) I am sure that common sense will prevail in the end.
h) Would anyone care to respond to the last question?
i) Jim was eliminated from the tennis competition in the first match.
j) he was drinking excessive amounts of brandy
k) His friends gloss over his foible, by calling him an agreeable novelist.
l) This all caused so much distress.
m) His eyes were fixed on the ribbon that the girl was wearing around her neck. It triggered a memory.
n) She is ruthless in pursuing her goals.
Read and translate the text:
1. Become aware of your stressors and your emotional and physical reactions.
Notice your distress. Don't ignore it. Don't gloss over your problems.
Determine what events distress you. What are you telling yourself about meaning of these events? Determine how your body responds to the stress. Do you become nervous or physically upset? If so, in what specific ways?
2. Recognise what you can change.
Can you change your stressors by avoidingor eliminating them completely?
Can you reduce their intensity (manage them over a period of time instead of on a daily or weekly basis)?
Can you shorten your exposure to stress (take a break, leave the physical premises)?
Can you devote the time and energy necessary to making a change (goal setting, time management techniques, and delayed gratification strategies may be helpful here)?
3. Reduce the intensity of your emotional reactions to stress.
The stress reaction is triggered by your perception of danger, physical danger and/or emotional danger. Are you viewing your stressors in exaggerated terms and/or taking a difficult situation and making it a disaster? Are you expecting to please everyone?
Are you overreacting and viewing things as absolutely critical and urgent? Do you feel you must always prevailin every situation?
Work at adopting more moderate views; try to see the stress as something you can cope with rather than something that overpowers you.
Try to temper your excess emotions. Put the situation in perspective. Do not labour on the negative aspects and the "what ifs".
4. Learn to moderate your physical reactions to stress.
Slow, deep breathing will bring your heart rate and respiration back to normal.
Relaxation techniques can reduce muscle tension. Electronic biofeedbackcan help you gain voluntary control over such things as muscle tension, heartbeat, and blood pressure.
Medications, when prescribed by a physician, can help in the short term in moderating your physical reactions. However, they alone are not the answer. Learning to moderate these reactions on your own is a preferable long-term solution.
5. Build your physical reserves.
Exercise for cardiovascular fitness three to four times a week (moderate, prolonged rhythmic exercise is best, such as walking, swimming, cycling, or jogging). Eat well-balanced, nutritiousmeals.
Maintain your ideal weight.
Avoid nicotine, excessive caffeine, and other stimulants.
Mix leisure with work; take breaks and get away when you can.
Get enough sleep. Be as consistent with your sleep schedule as possible.
6. Maintain your emotional reserves.
Develop some mutually supportive friendships/relationships.
Pursue realistic goals which are meaningful to you, rather than goals others have for you that you do not share.
Expect some frustrations, failures, and sorrows.
Always be kind and gentle with yourself — be a friend to yourself.
Submitted by Monica MORE LAND, Memphis, Tennessee
Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:
a) Визначати події
b) Ставати нервовим
c) Змінити стрес-фактори
d) Повністю їх уникати
e) Зменшити інтенсивність
f) Присвятити час та енергію
g) Задовольнити всіх
h) Приймати більш помірні погляди
i) Зменшити м’язову напругу
j) Добре збалансована їжа
Choose the correct word:
1) He went to the drug store as he had some medicine (written, appointed, prescribed) by his doctor.
2) They made him feel miserable. There is no doubt, one day he’ll (react, respond, cry).
3) The company (eliminatеd, hid, destroyed) all the proofs of its fault.
4) That awful (disaster, tragedy, incident) took away many innocent lives.
5) The police are currently (following, running, pursuing) the robbers.
6) All the candidates have been getting an enormous amount of (show, exposure, watch) on television and in the press.
7) Can the government be (fought, prevailed, won) upon to lower taxes?
8) How is Mary (coping, dealing, holding) with Jim's mother?
9) Before I improvise, I just listen, and that (starts, triggers, helps) me.
True or false:
1) To become aware of your stressors determine what events distress you.
2) The stress reaction is not triggered by your perception of danger.
3) Try to see the stress as something you can cope with rather than something that overpowers you.
4) To reduce the intensity of your emotional reactions to stress put the situation in perspective.
5) Slow, deep breathing will bring your heart rate and respiration back to bad condition.
6) Relaxation techniques can increase muscle tension.
7) Medications, when prescribed by a physician, can help in a year in moderating your physical reactions.
8) Be as consistent with your sleep schedule as possible.
9) To maintain your emotional reserves you have be a friend to yourself.
Questions for discussion:
1) Have you got any personal prescriptions how to make any stress work for you?
2) What do you think are the best ways of stress control?
3) What are your own rules of physical and emotional stability?
Lesson 6
CAREER SUCCESS
Read and translate the text:
CAREER SUCCESS
Rosie Walfoid, account manager. Age: 26. Salary: Undisclosed. "I couldn't trade this for a desk job. I work for clients like Persil and BAA, seeing a project through from the initial brief to completed commercial or advertisement. I don't do anything! My role is to delegate. I discuss an idea with a client and then persuade the creative people to come up with the goods.
The nature of the work creates the pressure rather than the hours. I find I am constantly on the run, putting my head round doors, saying, 'How's such and such coming along?' There's really a lot of against among account managers. You are viewed
with suspicion by both sides.
The client suspects that your loyalty is to your colleagues, and they believe that you are selling out to the client. I am very much the diplomat in the middle and I've had to work very hard to win other people's respect. On the one hand a furious client will say, "This is not what I meant at all"; on the other, I get language from an artist whose work is rejected which is unprintable!
The worst part is when I have worked for months on a brief, the final campaign is just what we initially agreed, and then I find out that the person I dealt with originally in the client company doesn't have the final say. Someone more senior comes along and rubbishes it. Mistakes can be costly. We are working to budgets of millions and cannot afford to get anything wrong. I did once overlook a cost of 5000,000 in an estimate for a TV commercial. If I did that too often I wouldn't last long. I love it, though. The adrenaline flows, and the buzz I get when a successful film is shot, or I've sold my idea to a client, is fantastic.
There are days when I could scream or burst into tears but I've trained myself to cope in several ways. I need some quiet thinking time and as I'm not a morning person I don't come in very early. I prefer to stay in the office until seven, then go out and socialize. At weekends I like to get away somewhere green".
Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:
a) Працівник рекламного агентства,
b) заробітня платня,
c) нерозголошувати,
d) обмінювати, початковий,
e) реклама, доручати,
f) переконувати,
g) творча людина,
h) створювати,
i) у русі/у дії, дивитися підозріло,
j) вірність, прдавати/зраджувати,
k) завоювати повагу,
l) з іншого боку,
m) роззлючений,
n) мати на увазі,
o) відштовхувати,
p) мати справу з,
q) останнє слово,
r) критикувати,
s) помилка,
t) що може дорого обійтись,
u) дозволяти собі,
v) не звертати уваги/не помічати,
w) ділова активність,
x) розплакатися,
y) справлятися,
z) спілкуватися.
Answer the following questions:
1. What is the main idea of the test?
2. What the woman’s occupation?
3. What does she like the most in her job?
4. What does she dislike?
5. What difficulties does she face up to?
6. What does her usual working day look like?
7. What does she do at the weekend?
8. Would you like to have such a job? Give your arguments.