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Explain the effect of the accumulation of carbon dioxide on the temperature of the atmosphere.
Air pollution
| Air pollutant | Source | Effect |
| Fine particles of carbon, oil or metals |  Factory chimneys power station furnaces
| Light particles decrease vision, irritate the respiratory system . Fall on the plant leaves and block stomata, decrease photosynthesis and kill plants. |
| Rubber in soot |  Burning garbage
| Pneumonia |
| Lead particles |  Exhaust of cars
| Affect the nervous system |
| Cadmium particles | Heart diseases | |
| Phosphate particles | Phosphate mines, | |
| Cotton dust | Spinning and weaving cotton | |
| Radioactive pollution | Outer space Radioactive rocks | Man is adapted to such radiations |
 Nuclear explosions
| Cause cancer & congenital deformities. | |
| Freon |  Refrigerators , air conditioners and aerosols
| The ozone hole |
| CO2 | Product of burning organic fuel such as petroleum and coal. | Gradual increase of the Earth's temperature |
G.R.
Nuclear wastes are stored in thick steel containers mixed with cement and buried deeply in the ground.
To avoid the pollution with radioactive remains which cause cancer and congenital deformities?
2. Ozone is an important component of the atmosphere but it's also a source of pollution.
a. In the lower layers of the atmosphere, ozone reacts with air pollutants forming smog.
b. In the upper layers of the atmosphere, ozone protects us from the harms of UV radiation.
Freon is a harmful air pollutant.
It damages the ozone and therefore more ultraviolet radiation reaches the Earth.
Explain the effect of the accumulation of carbon dioxide on the temperature of the atmosphere.
Two opposing theories explain the effect of increased carbon dioxide ratio in the atmosphere.
a. Increased carbon dioxide gas increases the temperature of the atmosphere & therefore polar ice melts & coastal cities are flooded.
b. Substances which pollute the air reflect thermal radiation & therefore the temperature of the atmosphere decreases & new ice age occurs.
Controlling air pollution:
· Fix filters for smoke coming out from chimneys.
· Use solar energy which is a clean source of energy.
· Construct factories out of towns and cities.
Water pollution
It is any change in the physical properties of water that makes it unfit for use.
Sources and effect :
1. Pollution with microbes, viruses, parasites, and organic compounds which decay
oxygen in water, and therefore kill fish. Dead fish release toxins which prevent the
hatching of fish eggs.
2. Inorganic compounds from factory wastes are difficult to get rid of.
3. Oily substances that result from searching for petroleum under the sea,
or oil leaking from tankers which float on the water reduce the amount of
oxygen in the water and harms the fish.
4. Fertilizers dissolve in water of irrigation canals & increase the reproduction & growth of aquatic plants.
5. Industrial wastes (minerals and poisonous chemicals)
cause the death of living organisms.
6. Thermal pollution resulting from the release
of waste water from factories in rivers and seas
cause the death of living organisms.
7. Polluted water is frozen & is used in cooling drinks & therefore transmits serious
diseases. That's why it's better to put ice outside the container when cooling drinks.
8. People who use irrigation canals for bathing & ablution may become infected with
Bilharzias.
Cholera, typhoid, hepatitis infantile paralysis, dysentery are transmitted by water contaminated with microbes.
Controlling water pollution:
1. Avoid throwing industrial and house
wastes into the river or sea .
2. Treat sewage water and industrial
wastes to purify it and use it.
3. Periodic examination of water.
4. Researches on the precipitation of pollutants & getting rid of them.
Sources
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1- Microbes and parasites:2- chemicals:
Effect of polluted with microbes Insecticides and herbicides pollute 1.Typhoid is transmitted to healthy fruits and vegetables and cause
people through contaminated liver disease and allergies
food especially milk.
2. Food poisoning result from microbial
fermentation of food or multiplication of
harmful microbes.
Example :salmonella
3. Intestinal diseases: such as
cholera, typhoid, dysentery,
intestinal worms are transmitted
through food contaminated with faeces
Controlling food pollution:
· Proper wash of vegetables and
fruits + proper cooking .
· Combating flies + covering food.
· Periodic examination of cooks and
waiters who deal with food + bacteriological analysis.
· Proper disposal of spoilt food.
Soil pollution
Sources and effects:
1. Insecticides or herbicides or industrial wastes reach the soil with irrigation water, wind, or dissolved rain fall.
2. Plants absorb them → Animal → Man
3. Arsenic, lead, sulphur dioxide, exhaust of cars remain in the soil for several years and affect productivity
& fertility of the soil and decrease % of oxygen and nitrogen in air spaces in the soil .
4. Radioactive pollutants cause blood cancer and bone cancer.
5. Cereals like rice may absorb radioactive isotope strontium Sr 90 instead of calcium from the soil. The isotope is then transmitted to man when he eats the rice. It accumulates in his bones and harms the process of formation of blood cells in the bone marrow
Controlling soil pollution:
1. Factories and laboratories are built away from farms .
2. Proper use of pesticides and fertilizers.
3. Greater care about security measures for atomic reactors.
4. Nuclear explosions should be carried out in far places.
5. Treatment of sewage water.