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What perichondral cells produce intercellular substance of the cartilaginous tissue?
a. chondrocytes of the first type
b. chondrocytes of the second type
c. chondrocytes of the third type
d. +chondroblasts
e. fibroblasts
180. Growth of the cartilaginous tissue by addition of new cartilage over the surface of existing cartilage (appositional growth) takes place because of:
a. chondrocytes of the first type
b. chondrocytes of the second type
c. chondrocytes of the third type
d. +chondroblasts
e. fibroblasts
181. Shape of mature chondrocytes is:
a. cubical
b. +oval, hemispherical, angular
c. prismatic
d. fusiform
e. stellate
Cells of the cartilaginous isogenous groups that are characterized by high nucleocytoplasmic ratio. Among such cells there are many those at different stages of mitosis.
a. prechondroblasts
b. chondroblasts
c. +chondrocytes of the first type
d. chondrocytes of the second type
e. chondrocytes of the third type
183. Posttraumatic regeneration of the cartilaginous cells and intercellular substance takes place because of:
a. prechondroblasts
b. chondroblasts
c. chondrocytes of the first type
d. chondrocytes of the second type
e. +chondroclasts
184. Hyaline cartilage is found in:
a. intervertebral disks
b. laryngeal corniculate cartilage
c. +trachea
d. auricle
e. laryngeal Morgagni’s cartilage
What type of collagen fibres does the intercellular substance of hyaline cartilage contain?
a. I
b.+ II
c. III
d. IV
e. V
186. Elastic cartilage differs from hyaline cartilage by the presence of:
a. ground substance
b. +elastic fibres
c. collagen fibres
d. chondrocytes
e. perichondrium
187. Elastic cartilage is found in:
a. +auricle
b. intervertebral disks
c. pubic suture
d. trachea
e. articular surfaces of the bone
188. Elastic cartilage is found in:
a. place of attachment of the ribs to the breast bone
b. intervertebral disks
c. trachea
d. large bronchi
e. +epiglottis
189. Fibrocartilage is situated in:
a. the place of attachment of the ribs to the breast bone:
b. articular surface of bones
c. trachea
d. bronchi
e. +intervertebral disks
190. Different-shaped cells that are situated on the surface of developing bony trabeculae. Those cells are characterized by ultrastructure of the protein-synthesizing cells:
a. fibroblasts
b. odontoblasts
c. +osteoblasts
d. osteocytes
e. osteoclasts
What cells are responsible for the process of formation and calcification of the bony intercellular substance?
a. +osteoblasts
b. osteocytes
c. osteoclasts
d. fibroblasts
e. endotheliocytes
192. Osteoblasts take part in:
a. +formation of the bony tissue
b. thermoregulation
c. destruction of the calcified cartilage and bone
d. production of the antibodies
e. homeostasis of the organic and mineral composition of the bony tissue
There is an electron photomicrograph of a cell of developing bony tissue. Around the cell one can see collagen fibres. The cytoplasm of the cell contains well developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. What do we call that cell?
a. mature osteocyte
b. +steoblast
c. osteoclast
d. endotheliocyte
e. mesenchymal cell
194. Bone cells that are not able to divide; they have small body and numerous processes:
a. osteoblasts
b. +osteocytes
c. osteoclasts
d. fibroblasts
e. odontoblasts
There is an electron photomicrograph of a bone cell. Processes of the cell are situated in small canaliculi. Its cytoplasm contains pooly developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. What do we call that cell?
a. +mature osteocyte
b. osteoblast
c. osteoclast
d. endotheliocyte
e. fibroblast
196. Osteocytes participate in:
a. formation of the osseous tissue
b. thermoregulation
c. removal of bone
d. productions of antibodies
e. +maintenance of the homeostasis of organic and mineral composition of the osseous tissue
197. Large polynucleated cells different in shape that contain ruffled membrane and numerous lysosomes; those cells are responsible for absorption and destruction of bone and calcified cartilage:
a. enameloblasts
b. odontoblasts
c. osteoblasts
d. + osteoclasts
198. Osteoclasts take part in:
a. formation of osseous tissue
b. thermoregulation
c. +removal of bone and calcified cartilage
d. production of antibodies
e. maintenance of the homeostasis of organic and mineral composition of the osseous tissue
199. Osteoclasts arise from:
a. neutrophils
b. +monocytes
c. basophils
d. lymphocytes
e. erythrocytes