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Substitutes of Nouns one (ones), that of (those of)
The pronouns one (ones), that of (those of) are used instead of the Noun to avoid its repeat.
The pronouns one and that of are used for substitution the Nouns in singular form; ones, those of in plural form.
For example:
1. – Is there a bank near here?
-Yes, there is one at the end of the street. (one = a bank)
2) Her sleep must have been like that of a child.
3) Compare these maps with those on the blackboard.
Reading
Study the table
| Pronouns | Examples |
| one | The right atrium is larger than the left one |
| ones | Some muscles are more elastic than the other ones |
| that of | I shall examine your patient and that of Dr. Ivanov |
| those of | The walls of the left atrium are thicker than those of the right one. |
Writing
Look through the text “The lungs” and find the sentences with pronouns one (ones). Translate them.
Writing
Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Pronouns one (ones), that (those)
1. I don’t like this book, give me another one.
2. The bones of the extremities are longer than those of the spine.
3. The bones of the skull are those which compose the head and the face.
4. This lecture is more interesting than the one I attended last week.
5. The weight of the lung is less than that of the heart.
Work out №2
Speaking
Work on lexics (consolidation)
What new words did you learn from the text “The lungs”?
Translate:
Lateral cavity, chest, pleura, conical base, apex, border, surface, rib, diaphragm, weight, heavy, lower, upper, pale, rose colour, elastic tissue, proper substance.
Guess:
1. The main organs of the respiratory system.
2. On a side; sideways
3. The front part of the body between the neck and the waist
4. The general form or condition of something
5. Each of the curved bones round the chest
6. The muscular layer inside the body that separates the chest from the abdomen and is used in breathing.
Writing
Do ex.3 from the textbook, p.78
Writing.
Replace given adjectives and adverbs in the following word combinations to antonyms.
1. The right leg
2. A fat infant
3. A light weight
4. Below the heart
5. Internal surface
6. Outer layer
7. Lower lobe
Writing
Fill in the prepositions:
1. The lungs are separated…… each other…… the mediastinum.
2. The lung apex extends 3-4cm …….the level …… the first rib.
3. ……adults the colour…….the lungs is darker than….infants.
4. The posterior borders ……the lungs are …..each side….the spinal column.
Translate the following sentences paying attention to the underlined words:
1. The mediastinum separating the lungs is located in the chest cavity.
2. Separating the lungs the mediastinum extends between the breastbone and the spinal column.
3. The pleura covering the lungs and the walls of the chest cavity forms the plural cavity.
4. Covering the lungs and the walls of the chest cavity the pleura forms the pleural cavity.
Speaking
Complete the dialogue
1. ……………………….?
Yes, the lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system
3. ……………………….?
Yes, the lungs are covered with the pleura
5. ………………………..
They are conical in shape.
7. …………………………?
In the adult male the weight of the lungs is about 1,350 gr.
9. ………………………..?